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Compliance with pregnancy prevention programmes of isotretinoin in Europe: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. Isotretinoin exposure during pregnancy: a population-based study in the Netherlands. BMJ Open ;4:e Clin Pharmacol Ther. Introduction: During the recent covid vaccination campaign, the number of ICSRs reported by patients and professionals has dramatically increased, reaching up to almost 1 M declarations only in Europe EMA numbers.
Before the covid pandemic, this system was successful in detecting ADRs from the patient reports declared through the French web national reporting system 1, 2. However, how it behaves in conditions of higher reporting flow rate is unknown at present. The encoding of regional pharmacovigilance centers was employed as the reference ground truth to train the algorithm in a supervised manner.
Moreover, a panel of three pharmacologists, with significant experience in ADRs encoding, was set-up to perform a case-by-case analysis of hundreds reports for which the algorithm provided improper encoding. Results: Overall, Of this, Because the percentage of newly reported ADRs increased over time and was higher for vaccine than not-vaccine related reports, we split the training and validation sets in batches with similar ADRs distribution. Performance evaluation is currently under process.
Initial feedbacks from the analysis performed by the experts are showing an uneven distribution of false positive and false negative across samples. Results from the other experts are needed to confirm this finding. Conclusion: The core findings of this study will be gathered in the forthcoming weeks and be ready for the ISoP meeting in September. This work will provide new insights about the effectiveness of deploying AI as a support to treat real world data in a context of sanitary crisis.
Validation of an artificial intelligence pipeline to support the automatic coding of patient adverse drug reaction reports, using nationwide pharmacovigilance data. Drug Safety. Introduction: The analysis of spontaneous reporting systems aims to identify potential adverse drug reactions in a timely and cost-effective manner.
For their apparent simplicity, disproportionality analyses assessing the disproportionate presence of single drug-adverse event associations in spontaneous reports are rapidly expanding as a source of safety evidence complementary to clinical trials. However, the world and spontaneous reports is more complex than that: events occur in syndromes, drugs are taken in polytherapy, and patients are mosaics of multiple comorbidities. Network science is one of the most promising approaches to tackle such complexity.
Objective: To investigate the applications and promises of network science to spontaneous reporting data. Methods: We identified four key examples to highlight the potentiality of network approaches to pharmacosurveillance: multiple drug intake in suicidal attempts, iatrogenic syndromes i. Entities e. We used co-reporting frequencies to describe cooccurrence patterns for example, polytherapy and iatrogenic syndromes. We used marginal and partial correlations to investigate the associations between entities and their direction: for example, to identify biases and secondary adverse events.
We used multilevel algorithms to identify clusters of interest, and network measures to identify trends of co-reporting. Results: The multiple drug intake network showed paracetamol at the center, as a drug of choice both alone and in combinations, and common combinations separated by therapeutic area, plausibly because of availability The Covid adversome identified a cluster of drug-induced hepatic injury and arrhythmia, and a disease-related cluster with Covid infection and respiratory conditions 1.
The immunotherapy adversome identified not only the known overlap syndrome cooccurrence of myocarditis, myasthenia, and myositis , but also another cluster with hepatitis, colitis and thyroiditis. Finally, investigating reactions to oxycodone, we observed that the reporting of crime and psychosocial reactions was secondary to the reporting of drug dependence. Conclusion: Networks allow to visualize and compare individual relations, identify clusters, and gather insights into the direction of correlation e.
Networks can complement traditional descriptive and disproportionality analyses characterizing the complexity of spontaneous reporting data. Frontiers in Pharmacology. Introduction: The spontaneous reporting system SRS has proven to be a cornerstone in the early and cost-effective detection of adverse drug reactions ADRs [].
Electronic Health Records EHRs are relatively untapped sources of real-world information that can be used in order to facilitate signal detection in pharmacovigilance PV.
However, utilizing the EHR for PV involves a number of critical challenges including the efficient extraction of valuable pieces of information from unstructured bulk of free-text. Objective: To explore whether targeted searches in structured and unstructured fields in EHRs can be used as a method to detect possible cases in addition to spontaneous reports to strenghten a potential safety signal.
Suspected ADRs refer to potential signals based on the analysis of spontaneous reports with insufficient evidence insight into a possible relationship between the ADR and the drug. Per potential signal, a search with a validated text-mining software tool Ctcue was performed via combined queries on both structured and unstructured data [4].
In order to perform the process of case detection systematically, a step-by step search plan was developed and applied to each signal based on:. Results: The search retrieved 27 cases with flucloxacillin induced hypokalemia.
After five confirmed cases via manual validation, no further validation was performed for the established ADRs. For each suspected ADR potential signal , one validated case was detected. Conclusion: A targeted search on structured and unstructured fields in EHRs using text-mining can be used as a method to detect additional cases next to spontaneous reports for a potential safety signal.
It is recommend to implement this as a complementary method in the current pharmacovigilance system. Evaluation of FDA safety-related drug label changes in Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf ;22 3 — A description of signals during the first 18 months of the EMA pharmacovigilance risk assessment committee.
Drug Saf ;37 12 — Raine J. Risk management: a European Regulatory view. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 3 , — Research has proven that when patients are admitted to hospital, there are often changes to medication regimens 2, 3.
Further research is necessary to establish if pharmacists’ interventions on ensuring safety during patients’ healthcare journey from hospital admission to discharge, differs between MDS using patients and non-MDS using patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse hospital pharmacists’ interventions for patients’ healthcare journeys for MDS using and non-MDS using patients.
The study took place over four months from 1st July to 31st October There were initially admission episodes included in the study, and for each adult patient their healthcare journey from hospital admission to discharge was analysed for interventions and workforce input. Interventions were ranked using the validated Eadon Scale 4.
Results: A total of patients’ healthcare journeys were analysed. Patients whom did not have complete healthcare journeys from hospital admission to discharge were excluded.
These patients had either died, had been transferred to another hospital, or were still inpatients when the study ended. There were Of the total MDS using patient journeys, Of the total non-MDS using patient journeys, Conclusion: This study has identified that the use of MDS increase the burden to pharmacist workforce input. It is evident from the findings, that interventions may be needed for the majority of MDS using patients. It has highlighted that more significant interventions, Eadon Scale 5, are more prevalent for MDS using patients in comparison to non-MDS using patients.
Relationship of in-hospital medication modifications of elderly patients to postdischarge medications, adherence, and mortality.
Ann Pharmacother. Drug changes at the interface between primary and secondary care. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. Eadon H. Assessing the quality of ward pharmacists’ intervention. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. Validation of a hospital clinical pharmacy workforce calculator: a methodology for pharmacy? International Journal of Clinical Practice. Introduction: Hypertension is a serious disease that occurs when blood pressure is persistently elevated over time 1.
During the COVID vaccination campaign, several reports of hypertension occurred in plausible temporal relationship with immunization have been reported. Data have been extract on May 8th, All other reports have been defined as non-cases. All reports in which the suspected causative agent was a COVID vaccine were used as index reports and all other reports as reference. A meta-analysis of observational studies that includes , individuals reported 13, events of blood pressure abnormal or increased 2.
These events have been often described as short periods of hypertensive response and often observed in patients with risk factors. Conclusion: Our results confirmed a signal of risk of events of elevated blood pressure following immunization with COVID vaccines.
However, there is no evidence that these episodes could result in serious complication typically associated with hypertension, such as stroke, aneurysms, heart failure, myocardial infarction and chronic kidney disease. Introduction: Intravitreal drugs such as bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept are widely used to treat a wide range of retinal diseases.
Several studies suggest that repeated injections of these drugs may lead to a sustained rising of intraocular pressure increasing risk for glaucoma. To date, a comparative safety study of these three drugs with respect to the incidence of glaucoma diagnosis has not been done.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of glaucoma diagnosis compared among new users of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept in Tuscany. Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the Tuscan regional administrative database was conducted.
Subjects with a first intravitreal injection index date between January —June were identified and followed to the first occurrence of glaucoma diagnosis. Patients with less than a five-year look-back period, those with less than one year of follow-up, and those with previous use of intravitreal dexamethasone, diagnosis of diabetes or glaucoma were excluded.
We also excluded patients for whom we could not track the first injection to bevacizumab, ranibizumab or aflibercept. Glaucoma diagnosis was identified from exemptions, diagnosis in hospital discharge records or drug dispensations. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted to analyze risk of glaucoma diagnosis between the three drugs.
A Cox model was constructed to compute hazard ratios adjusting for age, sex comorbidities, corticosteroid use and binocularity. The risk of incident glaucoma diagnosis compared to aflibercept was significantly higher among non-anticoagulant users who had received ranibizumab HR 2. Among anticoagulant users no statistically significant difference was observed. Moreover, we found an increase in the risk of glaucoma with ranibizumab and bevacizumab compared to aflibercept among non-anticoagulant users.
A time dependent exposure analysis is ongoing to confirm these results. Introduction: A method of time-to-onset TTO signal detection for screening unexpected temporal patterns from vaccine spontaneous report data has been published in [1].
Due to the large number of spontaneous reports associated to covid vaccines, highly significant TTO signals could be detected whereas there are no clinically relevant unexpected temporal patterns. Methods: The revised method used only the most predictive measure [3] of the two Kolmogorov-Smirnov KS tests originally designed: the p-value of the KS test of the TTO distribution of a given event post a given vaccine against the TTO distribution of the same event post other vaccines.
A threshold on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance, that can have values between 0 and for no difference between time-to-onset distributions and 1 for extreme differences—was set at 0. A threshold on the p-value of the KS test was set at 0. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System was prospectively frozen every week of the first quarter and the revised TTO signal detection method was prospectively applied on the two covid vaccines.
The performance in detecting events that were posteriori determined as causally related to the exposure of the covid vaccines, namely Pericarditis and Myocarditis, was retrospectively assessed. Conclusion: The revised TTO method allowed early detection of unexpected TTO patterns post exposure to covid vaccines by controlling both the level of significance and the magnitude of difference between the TTO distributions in a context of mass vaccination where individual case review is challenging.
Van Holle L et al. Using time-to-onset for detecting safety signals in spontaneous reports of adverse events following immunization: a proof-of-concept study, PDS 21 6 , — Use of logistic regression to combine two causality criteria for signal detection in vaccine spontaneous report data, Drug Safety 37 12 , — With the fast-tracked development and concurrent introduction of vaccines in all countries, there is a need for equitable safety surveillance to monitor adverse events following immunization AEFIs in high-income and low- and middle-income countries LMICs.
Reports from females made up The highest number of reports came from persons 18—44 years. Sputnik V contributed the highest percentage of AEs per vaccine for Africa.
Headache, pyrexia, injection site pain, dizziness, and chills were the top 5 reported AEs for Africa and RoW. Qualitative findings revealed decisions of many funding organizations to fund safety surveillance in LMICs were influenced by considerations about country priorities, the perceived utility of the evidence generated for local decision making, and the contributions to global health by safety surveillance systems. Funding decisions by donor organizations were influenced by country priorities and the perceived value added by data generated from safety surveillance systems in LMICs to local and global decision making.
Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker. The New York Times [Internet]. Introduction: Therapeutic advances have reduced morbidity and mortality, but have led to an increase in adverse drug events ADE. This is a case-control type study, with the original information from the administrative data from the hospital information system of the public health system in Brazil-SIH-SUS, in the period from to After applying the exclusion criteria, , hospital admissions associated with at least one ADE were included in the study.
The proportion of patients with ADE in hospitalizations was 0. Drug poisoning and drug abuse are the adverse event classes most associated with increased risk of death. This study, confirm that the SIH-SUS is a robust source of data for the field of pharmacovigilance, enabling the identification of risk factors for death and facilitating the monitoring of ADEs in the hospital environment. Mortality among patients due to adverse drug reactions that occur following hospitalisation: a meta-analysis.
Prospective identification versus administrative coding of adverse drug reaction-related hospitalizations in the elderly: A comparative analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. Evaluating adverse drug event reporting in administrative data from emergency departments: a validation study. Stausberg J, Hasford J. Drug-related admissions and hospital-acquired adverse drug events in Germany: a longitudinal analysis from to of ICDcoded routine data.
Introduction: Transplant recipients are chronically ill patients, who require lifelong drug therapies to prevent reject and graft loss. To date, there is no consensus on the optimal immunosuppressive strategy []. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of maintenance immunosuppressive drug therapies in kidney transplant.
Methods: A retrospective multicentre observational study, involving 4 Italian regions, was conducted based on the national transplant Information system and regional healthcare claims data.
Specifically, the regional analytical datasets regarding incident patients underwent to kidney transplant in the years —19 were created using an open-source tool for distributed analysis. Results: Overall, 3, kidney recipients were considered, of which During a median follow-up period of 4. Among safety outcomes, serious infections had the highest incidence 9. Conclusion: In clinical practice, a significantly better benefit profile has been demonstrated for kidney recipients treated with TAC compared to CsA.
In particular, the combination of TAC and mTOR appears to be the optimal strategy reducing the incidence of severe infections. Our findings on long term risk-benefit profile of immunosuppressive therapy may be helpful to define the optimal drug therapy in kidney recipients. Comparison of tacrolimus and cyclosporine for immunosuppression after renal transplantation: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. Target of rapamycin inhibitors TOR-I; sirolimus and everolimus for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Timing of mTORI usage and outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. Int J Med Sci. Published Jan 9. Due to the small sample size of pivotal trials in pediatrics, real-world evidence on the safety of those vaccines in the pediatric population is urgently required. Objective: i To investigate the safety of COVID vaccines by measuring frequencies of solicited and serious adverse events following immunization AEFIs with the first and the second doses of vaccines through active surveillance and, ii to compare the results with the published clinicaltrials in children and adolescents.
Of them, only Overall, Conclusion: This study confirmed safety profile of COVID vaccines in the pediatric population as already documented in the pivotal trials, with a high frequency of local solicited adverse events and an extremely low rate of serious adverse events.
Introduction: Advances in the treatment of cancer in young patients have led to great improvements in life expectancy. However, treatment with chemo or radiotherapy causes reduction of sperm counts often to azoospermic levels that may persist for several years or be permanent.
Oligospermia or azoospermia and long-lasting testicular atrophy are common adverse consequences of cancer treatment 1. Cases of oligospermia and azoospermia were identified using MedDRA v No Dis-Rep was found for any of the 14 AA TKIs: acalabrutinib, axitinib, cabozantinib, dacomitinib, lenvatinib, neratinib, nintedanib, pazopanib, ponatinib, regorafenib, sorafenib, sunitinib, tivozanib and vandetanib. The analysis in VigiBase database yielded similar results. Our results however, should be interpreted with caution as disproportionality analyses are hypothesis generating rather than hypothesis testing.
Meistrich, M. Clinical drug investigation. Bate A, Evans S. Quantitative signal detection using spontaneous ADR reporting. A comparison of measures of disproportionality for signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems for adverse drug reactions. Skin lightening products contain high concentrations of harmful ingredients such as hydroquinone, mercurials, and corticosteroids, and are reported to cause serious complications such as hyperpigmentation, exogenous ochronosis, wound dehiscence, nephropathy, steroid addiction syndrome, predisposition to infections, and other endocrinologic complications.
Despite all these public health risks, they have been used in many countries without regulation and consultation of healthcare professionals 3. Similarly, in Eritrea, there is uncontrolled marketing and use of SLAs even those with banned harmful ingredients. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the perception and utilization of SLAs among females of Asmara, the capital city of Eritrea. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in representative samples of all beauty salons available in Asmara between May and July The study participants were selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique.
The data collected through face-to-face interview was entered and analyzed using CSPro 7. Results: The study enrolled females. The majority of the respondents agreed that SLAs can make someone white About two-third Of those who ever used SLAs, About half of the respondents With the use of SLAs, Employed females AOR: 1. Conclusion: Utilization of SLAs among females was prevalent. They were satisfied with its use despite experiencing adverse effects which urges coordinated efforts in tightening the regulation of cosmetics in general and establishment of cosmetovigilance systems in particular.
Widespread use of toxic skin lightening compounds: medical and psychosocial aspects. Dermatologic Clinics, Afr Health Sci. The global prevalence and correlates of skin bleaching: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis.
Int J Dermatol. Introduction: Drug therapy in paediatrics is often associated with uncertainties due to lack of data from clinical trials. Due to this off-label use, missing paediatric dosage forms and complex dose calculations, medication errors ME occur up to three times more frequently compared to adults [3]. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the nature, characteristics and preventability of drug-related hospital admissions in paediatrics.
If parents had given consent for data transfer and further analysis, the suspected ADRs resp. MEs were subsequently validated by a blinded, independent expert team [6]. All ADRs and MEs were assessed with regard to their nature, preventability, severity and drug association.
Results: Of Consent for further analysis was obtained for 9. Allergic conditions, seizures incl. Treatment noncompliance, accidental exposure to product and dosing problems mainly underdosing were primarily identified as MEs in connection with the use of antiepileptic drugs, insulins and analogues and other beta-lactam-antibacterials.
Conclusion: Drug-related hospital admissions play a significant role in paediatrics. Moreover, almost half of them are considered preventable and therefore result in unnecessary harm and treatment costs. Dosing databases, training, and systematic screening for ADRs and MEs have great potential to increase the safety of drug therapy in children. Kimland, E. Odlind, Off-label drug use in pediatric patients.
Clin Pharmacol Ther, Magalhaes, J. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, Kaushal, R. JAMA, Smyth, R. PLoS One, Gallagher, R. Schulze, C. J Patient Saf, The lack of staff trained in PV is one of the most serious limiting factors affecting the development of PV in resource-constrained settings.
Previous experiences suggest that blending learning programmes can be implemented in resource-limited countries to train health care professionals HCP with remarkable gains in terms of knowledge acquisition. Methods: We developed the blended-courses integrated with a Train of Trainers scheme [1].
Two e-learning courses were made available on a web-based application, together with a manual on how to combine the e-learning courses together with face-to-face interactions. The blended course were given in Tanzania, Eswatini and Nigeria. Results: In the three countries 95 participants were trained Table 1. All participants completed the two courses and the mean score of the post-test was significantly greater than on the pre-test Table 1.
In the second level, the participants from the first training were training others. The majority of respondents to questionnaires have been satisfied, declared they felt more involved in PV and reported at least an ADR after the training both in the first and second level. The trends of reporting increased in the twelve months after the training if compared to the previous twelve months: vs and vs ICSRs were reported to Vigibase for Tanzania and Eswatini National Agency respectively.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that a blended course can reach an important number of participants and improve their knowledge. It is difficult to establish how much of the increase of reports was attributed to the blended learning training. Alammary A. Blended learning models for introductory programming courses: a systematic review. Plos one. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of EDCTP.
Introduction: Considering data from the literature in favor of active educational intervention to teach pharmacovigilance, we describe an innovative model of distance learning clinical reasoning sessions CRS of pharmacovigilance with 3rd year medical French students. Objective: The three main objectives were to identify the elements necessary for the diagnosis of an adverse drug reaction, report an adverse drug reaction and perform drug causality assessment.
Methods: The training was organized in 3 stages. First, students practiced clinical reasoning CRS by conducting fictive pharmacovigilance telehealth consultations. Second, students wrote a medical letter summarizing the telehealth consultation and analyzing the drug causality assessment.
This letter was sent to the teacher for a graded evaluation. In the third stage was a debriefing course with all the students. Results: Of the third-year medical students enrolled in this course, participated in the distance learning CRS. The evaluation received feedback from students, with an average score of 8. The qualitative evaluation had only positive feedback. The students appreciated the different format of the teaching, with the possibility to be active.
Conclusion: Through distance CRS of pharmacovigilance, medical students’ competences to identify and report adverse drug reactions were tested. The students experienced the pharmacovigilance skills necessary to detect adverse drug reactions in a manner directly relevant to patient care. The overall evaluation of the students is in favor of this type of method. Methods: This research used a qualitative inductive methodology through thematic analysis. The first step was to identify, through a literature review, current practices for herbal pharmacovigilance.
Based on the findings a semi-structured interview guide was designed, and purposive sampling was used to recruit the interview participants. By using a snowballing technique more potential participants were reached. Most of these recommendations are applicable worldwide, while some are limited to certain regions. Tong, A. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research COREQ : a item checklist for interviews and focus groups.
International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19 6 , — Introduction: Although medical cannabis MC has been available in Canada since , lack of recognition of MC as a drug has restricted patient access. The Quebec College of Physicians, between and , authorized MC use only within a research framework. Follow-up ended due to either MC discontinuation, loss to follow-up, 3 years follow-up, or end of data collection May , 6 months after the last patient in.
Data were collected at inclusion and at follow-up visits every 3 months for the first 2 years, then at least once per year in the third year. MC mode of administration ingestion, inhalation, other , and cannabinoid content ratio tetrahydrocannabinol THC -dominant, cannabidiol CBD -dominant, or balanced were documented. Results: 2, patients were enrolled in the registry mean age Over follow-up, 3. Reports included a total of AEs average 1. The most common PTs were dizziness Conclusion: There were no new safety concerns identified in the Registry, although notable differences in AE profile between modes of administration and cannabinoid content ratios should be considered by health professionals.
Further work identifying and managing risk factors for AEs is warranted to maintain a favorable risk-benefit ratio for MC. Introduction: Dengue is one of top ten global health threats and is a serious burden in the Philippines. Dengvaxia immunization program was launched on April for children 9—year-olds in three regions with high statistics of dengue, hospitalization, and deaths.
This was coincidentally the campaign period for national elections. Use of vaccine, once available, was part of a strategy to control epidemic.
Current measures were inadequate. What started as vaccine-vigilance information sparked a public outcry. This led to a series of parliamentary investigations, traditional and social media misinformation and disinformation vilifying the health decision makers and the company, and criminal charges filed against over 20 individuals by the state over alleged unproven vaccine caused deaths.
Despite attempts to correct these narratives by a few health professionals, the damage to institution, the program, the product, and individuals have been done. The consequences of such actions of emotional approach without understanding the science have resulted in creating general vaccine rejection, hesitancy, other outbreaks such as measles, lowered confidence even with recent COVID vaccines. Objective: This abstract aim to describe the situation at that time in the Philippines and extract lessons that will inform better risk communications during crisis.
Results: Some of the important lessons learned are in risk management and communications. Adverse health product information should be announced with circumspect considering the level of health literacy and risk appreciation in a country. Partisan politics interfered with poorly understood science, fueled by imprudent comments by officials and health professionals who spoke out of turn, amplified by the media and created chaos.
The fear was so palpable that enlightened health professionals refused to provide countervailing facts. Reinstating the vaccine would be perceived as the government had back-pedaled on a mistake. In the meantime, the drama contributed to vaccination hesitancy and outbreaks.
Conclusion: Public health decisions are policy and regulatory decisions anchored in ethical and utilitarian principles. Edillo et al. Economic Cost and Burden of Dengue in the Philippines. Vannice, et al Mendoza, Dayrit, Valenzuela. Dengue researcher faces charges in vaccine fiasco. Lasco et. Medical populism and immunisation programmes: Illustrative examples and consequences for public health.
Chan J. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Liu J. Community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China, Morawska L. Xie Z. Total Environ. Bourouiba L. Turbulent gas clouds and respiratory pathogen emissions: potential implications for reducing transmission of COVID Moore J. Oliver S. MMWR Morb. Zhang R. Wing S. Development of wearable air-conditioned mask for personal thermal management.
November ; Reader T. Google Patents; Lai A. Effectiveness of facemasks to reduce exposure hazards for airborne infections among general populations. Leung N. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks.
Nielsen R. Thermal sensation of the body as influenced by the thermal microclimate in a face mask. Gong P. Investigating spatial impact on indoor personal thermal comfort.
January ; 45 Jiang J. A holistic approach to the evaluation of the indoor temperature based on thermal comfort and learning performance. June ; Zhou C. Using long short-term memory networks to predict energy consumption of air-conditioning systems. Cities Soc. Cheng F. Experimental study of thermal comfort in a field environment chamber with stratum ventilation system in winter.
Zhang S. Occupancy-aided ventilation for both airborne infection risk control and work productivity. Guevara G. Thermal comfort in university classrooms: an experimental study in the tropics. Wang H. Experimental study of human thermal sensation under hypobaric conditions in winter clothes.
Energy Build. Fang Z. Field study on adaptive thermal comfort in typical air conditioned classrooms. Dhaka S. Quantification of thermal adaptation in air-conditioned buildings of composite climate. Singh M. Status of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated classrooms during the summer season in the composite climate of India. Progress in thermal comfort studies in classrooms over last 50 years and way forward.
Loti M. COVID transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Chu D. Wang X. Association between nCoV transmission and N95 respirator use. Rader, L. White, M.
Burns, J. Chen, J. Brilliant, J. Cohen, J. Shaman, L. Brilliant, M. Kraemer, J. Hawkins, S. Scarpino, C. Astley, J. Lancet Digit. Liu H. The response of human thermal perception and skin temperature to step-change transient thermal environments. March ; 73 — Huizenga C. A model of human physiology and comfort for assessing complex thermal environments. Zhao P. Developing a new heat strain evaluation index to classify and predict human thermal risk in hot and humid environments.
January ; 76 Jin L. Human responses to high humidity in elevated temperatures for people in hot-humid climates. March ; — Chen Y. High temperature impairs cognitive performance during a moderate intensity activity. December ; Experimental investigation on thermal comfort model between local thermal sensation and overall thermal sensation. Engineers R.
Kong D. Effects of indoor humidity on building occupants’ thermal comfort and evidence in terms of climate adaptation. Ricciardi P. Thermal comfort in open plan offices in northern Italy: an adaptive approach. Indraganti M. Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated university classrooms: a seasonal field study in Xi’an, China. Aghniaey S. Thermal comfort evaluation in campus classrooms during room temperature adjustment corresponding to demand response. Gerrett N.
Thermal sensitivity to warmth during rest and exercise: a sex comparison. Branch W. Skin in the game. Nakamura M. Regional differences in temperature sensation and thermal comfort in humans. Crawshaw L. Effect of local cooling on sweating rate and cold sensation. Eur J. Luo W. Effectiveness of personal comfort systems on whole-body thermal comfort – a systematic review on which body segments to target. A modified method of evaluating the impact of air humidity on human acceptable air temperatures in hot-humid environments.
Zhang, B. Lin, Y. Geng, H. Zhou, X. Wu, C. The effect of temperature and group perception feedbacks on thermal comfort. Energy Build.. Available online 22 October , Thermal responses of workers during summer: an outdoor investigation of construction sites in South China.
March ; 66 Luo M. Evaluating thermal comfort in mixed-mode buildings: a field study in a subtropical climate. Thermal comfort study in prefab construction site office in subtropical China.
L Hwang R. Field experiments on thermal comfort in campus classrooms in Taiwan. Gao J. Comparative analysis of modified PMV models and SET models to predict human thermal sensation in naturally ventilated buildings. Tewari P. Field study on indoor thermal comfort of office buildings using evaporative cooling in the composite climate of India. Zheng Z. Case Stud. August ; 26 Humphreys M.
I think what has to be taken to this G20 is a positive approach by leaders that is prepared to engage on these issues in a constructive way,” Drysdale said. Indonesian Minister for Foreign Affairs Retno Marsudi said during this year’s general debate of the UN General Assembly that the whole world is pinning their hope on the G20 as a catalyst for global economic recovery, especially for the developing countries.
The COVID pandemic has taken a heavy toll on the world economy, and developing economies have suffered greater losses than the developed ones, Suryono said, adding that the growth gap between developing and developed economies is widening. In , India will assume the G20 presidency, followed by Brazil in As the rotating presidency takes the lead in designing the agenda of the respective year’s leaders’ summit, the arrangement means that emerging countries’ concerns, such as poverty reduction, infrastructure development and digital upgrading, might take priority, said Wang Wen, executive dean of Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China.
In the eyes of Kiyoyuki Seguchi, research director at Japan’s Canon Institute for Global Studies, China adheres to the right course of economic globalization. Web editor: CaiHairuo, LiangJun. A rescue vessel practises saving people during a maritime search and rescue drill in the Pearl River estuary, south China’s Guangdong Province, on Oct.
A comprehensive maritime search and rescue drill was held Thursday in the Pearl River estuary, seeing the participation of 28 vessels, 3 aircraft, and around staff members.
Wednesday as a tropical storm, according to the Guangdong Meteorological Service. The typhoon is expected to move in a north-west direction at a speed of about 20 km per hour, before entering the Beibu Gulf Wednesday afternoon, with its intensity gradually weakening.
The meteorological department predicted that there will be heavy wind and rain in Guangdong between Wednesday and Thursday morning. Schedules of several high-speed rail lines and flights in Guangdong have been temporarily adjusted, and customs clearance has been suspended at relevant ports. Web editor: ZhongWenxing, LiangJun. While they were monitoring Group D of the Hainan gibbon troupe on Jan. This new family member now brings the population of the rare primate to 36 in total. The baby gibbon is currently in good condition.
Photo shows a female gibbon and its newborn baby from Group D of the Hainan gibbon troupe. In early , two Hainan gibbons were also born, with one of them belonging to Group D of the local Gibbon population.
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Windows 10 1703 download iso italy covid symptoms low
Noting that the friendship between Cambodia and China has a long history, Sihamoni said the traditional friendship forged by the elder generation of leaders of the two countries has benefited both countries and their peoples. Rhalem, BSD. Conclusion: Through distance CRS of pharmacovigilance, medical students’ competences to identify and report adverse drug reactions were tested. The impact of students wearing masks on thermal comfort was significant, which would affect their learning efficiency. All received requests are entered into a Microsoft excel spreadsheet and classified accordingly: new request, variation request, and objection request. Per potential signal, a search with a validated text-mining software tool Ctcue was performed via combined queries on both structured and unstructured data [4]. Day one treatment with Ceftriaxone was stopped due to a reaction of difficulty in breathing. The average age of the children was 4 years median: 3 years, range: 1; 15 years. Medications most frequently implicated were antidepressants, ACE inhibitors, analgesics, and antipsychotics. The demands of air velocity and operative temperature was different between wearing masks and without wearing masks.❿
Investigation of the effects of face masks on thermal comfort in Guangzhou, China – Windows 10 1703 download iso italy covid symptoms low
STRUCTURE: Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality Recommendations are provided for select patients. 21st ISoP Annual Meeting “A New Era of Pharmacovigilance: Challenges and Opportunities” 20–23 September Verona, Italy. Drug Safety volume 45, pages –. This novel pathway opens another interesting hypothesis for the fatty acid-based mechanisms due to dietary lipids: as shown in Figure 2, when palmitic acid has. The coronavirus disease (Covid) causes. Download file PDF Removed (eSIR) model to predict epidemics trends in Italy and. Ewu basketball schedule , Sharp mxu driver for windows 10, Rcscc vanguard, Psp iso download cso, Kantaranta water supply or supplies.
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