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During those years we have developed several validated assays on the areas of disease model generation, efficacy and toxicity carried to Pharma, Biotech, Chemical, Cosmetic, Nutraceutical, and Tobacco companies.

Apart from our Know-How another of our main values is Audacity because we are experts in listening to our customer’s needs to develop tailor-made solutions based on their requirements. Our commitment is to provide our clients with a level of scientific expertise, quality and customer service unmatched in the industry.

Nonclinical capabilities include: pharmacokinetics, lead compound screening, proof of concept, efficacy assessment, pharmacology, mechanism of action, and early lead optimization. Biomere also provides supportive colony maintenance, backup colony support and on site room use agreements.

Quincy, MA United States Biowit Technologies provides a broad and integrated service and product portfolio including molecular biology, virus packaging e. Cambridge Massachusetts BioAxone is committed to applying a deep understanding of axon regeneration and neuronal signaling pathways to transform the lives of patients afflicted with neurotrauma or neurovascular disorders. Led by a passionate management team augmented by 20 years of pioneering research, the company has identified and is developing a pipeline of drugs focused on nerve repair and regeneration.

These services include multi-modality imaging, advanced data analysis, image fusion resources, and a satellite animal facility for longitudinal studies. We have solved the logistical problems of importing animals from other institutions and now have a streamlined system bring animals into the facility.

We want to make this a one-stop service for you. Simply bring us the animals, and we will take care of all anesthesia and imaging, and will assist you with data analysis and display. We also have state-of-the art data analysis and fusion facilities to assist you as well. Our technology drives the infinite loop between personalized care and research discoveries, leveraging latest science, deep technical expertise, strategic partnerships, and harmonized, diverse data collections.

Our high performing platforms enable high throughput genomic data production, flexible data integration, secure data management, efficient analysis and interpretation of molecular and clinical information.

Founded in from an MIT Whitehead project spinoff, the Company has a strong scientific heritage underpinned by over 20 years of working in close collaboration with a network of leading researchers, developers, manufacturers and vendors.

For more information, please visit www. The quality of patient care and research at BCH provides well-studied psychiatric and neurological patient populations that will facilitate additional development of preclinical disease models using iPSCs to support drug screening. This service has begun addressing a large unmet need in the research community. The existing Assay Development Screening Facility ADSF core facility within the FM Kirby Neurobiology Center at BCH also provides complementary resources in the form of a high-throughput screening instrument to investigators for monitoring functional responses of neurons and other cell types.

These paired facilities enable faculty to create neurons, develop assays, and run drug screens for new therapeutic approaches to disease. The seven lab heads are all distinguished researchers and faculty members in the Brandeis Biology Department.

All groups are located in the Shapiro Science Center. The Shapiro Science Center is a new, state-of-the-art structure and a focal point of Brandeis’ expansive science complex. It is continuously expanding with the newest software and machinery for both sort and analysis capabilities of up to 18 flourescent parameters.

Our Services The Flow Cytometry Core facility is available to: answer technical questions assist you in setting up flow cytometry experiments assist you with acquiring, analyzing and interpreting your data assist in data presentation and data storage provide training on the four benchtop analyzers and on software. The system was developed by a multi-institutional consortium initiated at Vanderbilt University. Data collection is customized for each study or clinical trial by the research team with guidance from Harvard Catalyst EDC Support Staff.

Our widespread collaborations and industry contacts provide us with research tools offered as an external resource in imaging, analytical chemistry, histology and pathology services. We pride ourselves in providing best products and services to our customers so they can focus on fundamental questions in drug discoveries and biology researches. Our office and labs are located at the Entrepreneur and Innovation Center?

B3T also has access to shared animal facilities at the Umass Dartmouth, other core facilities such as chemical labs and bioprocess labs. We offer free consulting for protein expression strategies and protein engineering designs to meet specific needs. Together, we have over 30 years of experiences in servicing therapeutic discovery and antibody development projects. We work with client to focus on the project scope and requirement, and establish deliverables for your discovery or development projects.

We only charge for set-up fees if the protein expression was not successful. We have extensive experiences helping client to develop expression strategies and IP positions. BIB is dedicated to building up long-term strategic partnerships with the clients. We value the success of our clients as our success, and stand by our clients along with his way to the success.

We have developed over 11, primary antibodies and more than , derived products including fluorochrome conjugated antibodies. In addition to reliable loading control and tag antibodies, our catalog includes over specific antibodies recognizing proteins with phosphorylation, acetylation, or methylation modifications. Our company promises fast delivery with strong, top quality scientific support.

Bioss Inc is located in the greater Boston area of Massachusetts, the center of the world’s largest and fastest growing biotech community. We have over years of combined expertise in Histopathology services and compliance. Our overall goals are to provide superior results and unparalleled service designed to improve on every experimental need. Concord St. Simon C. Fireman Research North Building 3rd floor, Room E, 99 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA The analysis of high-throughput genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and epigenomics data is the most critical step in systematically understanding pathophysiology of a disease as well as identifying potential biomarkers.

The analysis of OMICS data often presents a challenge to translational and basic science researchers. The mission of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology core is to provide expertise and infrastructure in designing, analyses and simulation of high-throughput OMICS data to answer underlying biological questions. The core support analysis of data from many next-generation sequencing assays including transcriptional quantification RNA-Seq , protein-nucleic acid interactions ChIP-Seq , global methylation, genotyping or variant analysis through genome sequencing.

In addition to analyses support, core also provides resources for data management and high performance computing. GZ 8th Floor Brookline Ave. The generous material, financial and unswerving moral support by Dr. Lawrence F. The first experimental devices in the Graybiel Lab in included a short-arm centrifuge, a z-axis recumbent rotation device, a rotary treadmill enclosed in an optokinetic drum, and a Skylab rotating litter chair.

Since the lab’s inaugural opening, more than 20 major pieces of equipment have been designed and constructed or acquired for experiments. The largest of the experimental apparatuses in the lab is the foot diameter rotating room, the only facility in the United States that can be used to simulate artificial gravity environments. The rotating room is used extensively and is at the center of many experiments studying the effects artificial force environments have on the neurocontrol of movement, posture, and orientation of the human body.

Today, the Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory comprises more than 20 Brandeis University faculty members, researchers, staff and students drawn from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds and academic and professional experiences. John Asara and continues to grow rapidly. We provide excellent proteomics and metabolomics services with low prices and fast turnaround times. We have cutting edge equipment operated at optimal sensitivity and work and publish with world class researchers.

We also maintain an active internal cancer proteomics and metabolomics research program with collaborative efforts. Our expertise is in identifying and quantifying protein modifications and dynamic protein-protein interactions in addition to polar metabolomics profiling including metabolic flux analyses. Several different types of mass spectrometers are available for services depending upon your needs including stand-alone linear ion trap for protein identification, hybrid ion trap-high resolution orbitrap for protein quantification and post-translational modification PTM mapping, and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers for targeted quantification of metabolites and peptides.

We accept samples from anywhere in the world and look forward to helping you and progressing your research to the next level. This is where Biobusiness fits in. Using 2. Boston Showroom 57 Water St. Watertown, MA BioSurplus is a leading, nationwide provider of pre-owned laboratory equipment to the Life Sciences industry. BioSurplus has successfully served the Life Sciences industry for more than ten years and is proud to provide quality and affordable pre-owned lab equipment with exemplary customer service.

Currently, it offers custom lentiviral vector production, custom AAV vector production with a variety of serotypes and aliquots of in-stock vector. The Viral Core operates under the direction of Dr. Zhigang He and is managed by Dr. Chen Wang with technical support staff. Danvers Campus 36 Cherry Hill Drive Danvers MA Beckman Coulter develops, manufactures and markets products that simplify, automate and innovate complex biomedical testing. Dana Brookline Avenue Boston, MA Provides Services in Confocal microscopy, Light microscopy and immunostaining The function of the Confocal Core is to provide services in confocal microscopy, light microscopy and immunostaining for cells and tissues including: Confocal microscopy Brightfield and fluorescence microscopy Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence staining.

Clinical research is scientific investigation that is conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin such as tissues, specimens, cognitive phenomena or other data for which an investigator directly interacts with human subjects or for which material can be directly linked to an identifiable, living individual. Clinical research includes patient-oriented, community, and population-based research studies.

The mission is to significantly contribute to ease human suffering from disease by improving the success rate in the translation of candidate medicines from discovery to the clinic. These technologies have amply demonstrated to improve speed and reduce cost in biopharmaceutical development, accelerating the journey from bench to clinic.

Batavia Biosciences performs projects for big pharma, biotech, academia and non-profit organizations. As such the company, with laboratories in USA and the Netherlands, is well positioned to take on any challenge associated with the development of complex biological medicines be it proteins, antibodies, vaccines or viral vectors. We aim to be an extension of your team, and bridge the gap between data and insight. Boston BioProducts supplies various biological buffers and reagents in support of studies in molecular biology, yeast research, immunology, histology, and physiology.

Our 3D human models are self-assembled and Matrigel-free, setting us apart from our competitors. Our 3D human models are morpho-functionally validated compared to classic 2D models widespread in drug discovery and development. In addition, we provide consulting in 3D technologies and confocal and high throughput microscope imaging focused on morphological and functional characterization of 3D models.

Stromal vascular fraction, SFV of both subcutaneous and visceral fat depots, the latter an exclusive product that sets us apart in the market. This transition kit is for you who need an extra layer of confidence before a complete transition to Bonds Bio 3D human mature organoids.

We provide our organoids in and well plates, with individual organoids per well, an outstanding source of unique feature samples for your testing, allowing for mid-to-large scale analysis and compatible with the most common high-throughput systems available in the market.

Our models are validated using cells from healthy donors commercially available now and Patient-Derived Organoids PDOs with samples from different ages, races, BMI index, and diseases e. For more information on our PDO line, contact us. Last but not least, very soon, we will launch our hiPSC-derived Heart spheroids and Heart Organoids for you to test drugs cardiotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases in two outstanding platforms, more sensitive than their 2D peers and less complicated to handle than engineered-heart tissues EHTs.

If you want to be a part of this revolution of in vitro biology, do not hesitate to contact us at bondsbio. CCCRi provides auditing, monitoring, and staff development. Customers rely on Charm products for excellence in quality, innovation and customer support. Walpole, MA Our clients are start-up biotechnology companies and venture capitalists who need their scientists to get started producing results immediately.

We know it can take months to find and build out a lab; our team has been through this many times. CBL now offers wet-bench laboratory space for molecular, cellular and microbiology including a cell culture suite and numerous regional partnerships for in vivo work and specialized core capability.

Our team brings experience and expertise to the table that will complement your know-how and ability. Our scientists are ready to start moving your company or investment toward important milestones immediately. Our models are traceable back to initial patient tumor and clinical conditions, simplifying the analysis of patient-specific responses. Also providing stem cell preprogramming. CapeStart delivers custom, end-to-end AI solutions to help crush your business objectives and dominate the competition.

No matter the complexity of your requirements, our highly experienced team has likely seen it before, solved it within our enterprise-grade secure infrastructure, and built the template — or can customize a solution just for you. Data scientists and engineers can also take advantage of our off-the-shelf and open source machine learning models and large datasets.

Headquartered in Boston, MA, our researchers are experts in a broad range of scientific fields, including chemical, electrical, biomedical and mechanical engineering, materials science, and biology.

For over 17 years, we have provided a single source solution for polymeric research. CPG’s core competencies include property enhancement, test methodology development, radiation chemistry, rheology, failure analysis and blends formulations.

Our work can be found in a range of industries including biomedical, resin manufacturers and processors, consumer products, hydrogels, adhesives, food products, and inks.

The services and products we offer range from full service consultation on material development to providing more traditional testing results. Cardiovascular Clinical Studies, Inc. We’re a national leader in cultivating an educational environment characterized by collaboration, creativity, intellectual daring, and the capacity and determination to bring about real, transformative global change.

The company provides regulatory strategy, model-informed drug development services and technology, and regulatory writing and submission services. We offer a wide range of products, services and solutions that enable our clients to achieve key drug development, regulatory and commercial milestones.

Our portfolio spans the discovery, preclinical, clinical and post-marketing phases of drug development, working with 1, commercial companies, academic institutions and numerous regulatory agencies around the world. We believe you have the right to expect more reliable results from your antibodies and reagents so our scientists produce, validate and support all our antibodies in-house.

Cell Signaling Technology is able to provide target validation services, biomarker discovery services, phospho-specific antibody design services and patient stratification services.

Floor 16, Federal St Boston, MA, United States Costello Medical provides scientific support to the healthcare industry in the analysis, interpretation and communication of clinical and health economic data.

Our technical expertise spans medical education, advisory boards, value materials, scientific writing, publication planning, evidence development, statistics, health economic modelling and health technology assessment; a full description of what we offer can be found on our website.

Due to growing demand across an increasing range of service offerings and geographies, Costello Medical has grown organically since foundation in to a team of approximately based in Cambridge, London, Manchester, Bristol, Boston and Singapore. Alongside our widening technical and creative capabilities, we remain committed to our core values of high-quality scientific work coupled with excellent customer service at competitive and transparent prices.

Our talented team has experience with a variety of leading pharmaceutical companies and a track record of success in a broad range of disease areas. Our dedicated employees are focused on providing clients with exactly what they need to improve and expedite the discovery, early-stage development and safe manufacture of new therapies for the patients who need them. To learn more about our unique portfolio and breadth of services, visit www. We offer pharmacological screening services to help identify lead compounds for future development and preclinical assessment of toxicology and safety.

Selected lead compounds can then be analyzed in more sophisticated animal disease models to establish in vivo proof-of-principle.

Disease models in the areas of cancer, inflammatory diseases and neurology are currently available for efficacy testing and the analysis of biomarkers. If requested, further optimization of dosing, scheduling, and formulation can also be performed.

Our mission is to deliver high-quality research results that can be used to assess the potential of each drug for clinical success. We are especially committed to offer our clients a personalized approach to the design of their pharmacological studies, and we work closely with our clients when selecting the optimal animal models and study parameters to ensure that each study delivers the highest value for future decision making.

We provide continuous updates for ongoing studies, and take great care to complete studies on time and within the specified budget. Cambridge, MA USA Cytel offers clinical research services and software to support clinical trial design and implementation.

CCT is a global leader in the development and delivery of cost-effective insulated thermal packaging solutions that protect the integrity of temperature sensitive products. With more than 45 years of experience in the cold chain, we understand its logistics and applications, its demands and its extremes.

When you partner with Cold Chain Technologies, you benefit from: Reliable, cost-effective performance Proven, real world designs Unrivaled engineering expertise Total support of your cold chain needs.

All enzyme products of world-class in type and number are in-house produced and certified under stringent QC standards, utilized for our kit products and profiling services. Complemented by other services, including cell-based assays and crystallography services, our support tools are sure to accelerate your exprolation much further.

Agawam, MA United States Clinical Research Management provides clinical research associates, clinical support, project management, and drug storage. We apply our extensive knowledge of deuterium chemistry to discover and develop novel small molecule drugs.

Initially, our laboratory testing division was limited to Industrial Hygiene analysis mainly in support of in-house consulting services.

But, we rapidly expanded our capabilities to include numerous techniques in air analysis, classical wet chemistry, metals, and organics. Two years later, the Laboratory Division of the company was purchased by the original owners and became what we are known as today: Con-Test Analytical Laboratory.

Con-Test became a privately-owned, independent laboratory and grew enormously to our current state. We are proud to have established a reputation based on quality, integrity, and reliability within the environmental industry. Our dual facilities house over twenty seasoned analysts with exceptional knowledge of their field of work. We have invested millions of dollars in state-of-the-art equipment and are always looking for innovative technological advances that will help us to provide the best services to you.

We have obtained the nationally recognized NELAP certification and are individually certified in many areas and states by a diverse group of recognized organizations. To learn more about our certifications, please visit our Certifications page. Capabilities Con-Test has the capability for analyzing nearly all water, air, soil and solid materials.

Our laboratory currently serves a diverse range of clients with an even larger range of analytical services. We can handle projects from one sample to thousands of samples, and can offer rush services at any time. Our laboratory experts are available for consultations, presentations, technical support and advice. Browse through our website or contact us for more information about our capabilities. What is the Con-Test Difference? Every day, our employees come to work with one focus in mind: our clients.

We are here to focus on you and your business, with the goal of making the environment a better place to live. Through building relationships based upon quality and integrity, we believe our clients will understand the benefits of working with an established small business. Our team of professionals is ready at all times to accommodate your demands and needs, while striving for the highest level of professionalism and quality in our work.

We go above-and-beyond for our clients every day by providing exceptional technical support, rapid turnaround time, and the desire to help in any way we can. Con-Test welcomes you to learn more about us by looking through our website and contacting us with any questions you may have. Discover the Con-Test Difference. You will be glad you did. Suite Waltham, Ma, United States. National Laboratory. The mission of CASIS is to maximize use of this unparalleled platform for innovation, which can benefit all humankind and inspire a new generation to look to the stars.

The organization has been awarded by NASA the responsibility of inciting the imagination of entrepreneurs and scientists alike, accelerating and facilitating space-based research as well as creating public awareness of National Lab research and making space science more accessible to the world. By carefully selecting research and funding projects, by connecting investors looking for opportunity to scientists with great ideas, and by making access to the station faster and easier, CASIS will drive scientific inquiry toward developing groundbreaking new technologies and products that will tangibly affect our lives.

Other services includes sequence verification, intact mass, protein interaction test, aggregation. Analytical method development, GMP stability studies, support analytical testing, in-use stability studies, photo-stability, protein characterization, bio chemical and bio physical methods and characterization, GMP testing services Preformulation, Formulation and lyophilization development for small and large molecules, non-viral vectors and viral vectors Injectables-IV, IM, SC, IT, ocular, high concentration antibodies, bi-specific antibodies, peptide, proteins and enzymes, microbiomes Robustness and forced degradation studies Encapsulation, micro and nano formulations Emulsions, micro and nano emulsions.

Solid state NMR. Boston, MA, USA Cambridge Biomedical is positioned to provide support throughout the drug development process, from preclinical through phase IV clinical trials and post-market commercial testing. Leading with science, we deliver innovative solutions with quality and exceptional service to meet and exceed your needs for clinical research and testing.

Cambridge Biomedical offer established expertise in assay development, assay validation, and specimen analysis for biomarkers and bioanalytical assays PK, PD, immunogenicity. We provide a diverse range of simple to highly complex, routine and esoteric assays using a wide range of technologies; and we accommodate study sizes with low, medium, or high volume sample testing requirements. Wayland, MA, United States Cell Assay Innovations is a CRO that provides biological services related to drug discovery, with a focus on assay development, compound screening, and the detection and profiling of post-translational modifications.

The company has dedicated and highly qualified employees with proven experience in a wide range of specialist techniques acquired across diverse industries. The majority of our clients focus in pharmaceutical research, however, we also support clients in the chemical, cosmetics and personal care, agrichemical and tobacco industries. This includes in vitro ADME screening to support discovery projects, regulatory in vitro ADME and DDI studies during preclinical and clinical development, specialist mechanistic in vitro human and animal toxicity models e.

As well as additional complementary drug discovery capabilities, Aptuit offers full CMC and IND-enabling services allowing the Evotec Group to provide expert support across the value chain from early discovery through to preclinical development and beyond. Capralogics Inc. Westwood, MA United States CompuCyte offers software and technologies to support cytometry services including cell cycle analysis, apoptosis, tissue microarrya analysis, and immunophenotyping.

Newton, MA, USA Clinical Data is a biotechnology company developing early and late stage targeted therapeutics as well as genetic and pharmacogenomic tests that detect serious diseases and help predict drug safety, tolerability and efficacy.

People here make things slowly and with pride. They understand and live as part of this unique environment. In addition, Charles River Laboratories Cell Solutions provides a wide range of disease-state samples and matching healthy donor samples.

Comparison studies are critical to helping researchers understand diseases and develop cures. We understands that all projects are different. Customers can customize their request in order to meet their unique needs and requirements giving them the flexibility to optimize their research and product development.

The breadth and depth of our expertise enable us to take on almost any challenge. By building and field-testing working prototypes we accelerate design iterations. We can complete small production runs, license our intellectual property and transition technology for large-volume production.

We provide full life-cycle support, including technology refresh. We provide engineering services directly to government, commercial companies, and academia; work on teams as prime contractor or subcontractor, and participate as a collaborator in consortia. As a not-for-profit, we provide unbiased assessments of technology or systems designed or recommended by other organizations — whether custom-designed or commercial-off-the-shelf.

ZZOM is a biopharma focused network-sciences company. Our proprietary solutions have been developed based on the scientific concepts and results validated by our academic research partners.

Networks can be used to visualize and analyze a broad range of biological processes, with nodes in the network representing a biological entity e.

This holistic approach is used to relate the complete set of macromolecular interactions between the biological entities and their products to diseases. Boston, MA United States. Box 39 Westfield, MA They are often unstable when not in their native environments, which can vary considerably.

If specific buffer conditions are not maintained proteins may lose activity, aggregate or fall into proteolysis. For this reason it is essential to nominate specific factors that increase the physical and chemical stability of each target protein. For these reasons we provide 7 different testing kits for protein optimization, protein storage, protein quality control , crystallization, fragment screening At Delta Tm Technologies we have developed a series of solution based kits that can be used to define the optimal protein buffer parameters using the Thermal Stability Assay TSA.

We can be your one-stop shop for experimental design and data analysis. Or we can tailor custom solutions for your biggest challenges. Our highly trained consultants, all of whom have advanced degrees in the life sciences, work with you to leverage new bioinformatics and statistics techniques that can help you leapfrog the competition.

Data analysis: Machine learning, statistical modeling, single-cell RNA-seq, computational chemistry, proteomics, metabolomics, and more. Engineering and infrastructure: Production-grade pipelines, tools, and systems, designed and built to suit your unique needs.

Diamond BioPharm Ltd provides consultancy services in European regulatory affairs and product development to the biotech and pharmaceutical industries. The company was founded in under the leadership of Dr.

Maureen Graham ex. The team Dr Graham has established includes those with a broad and varied industry experience and former regulators, offering both breadth and depth of expertise, from which our clients can benefit. Our many years of industry experience and expertise is across a broad range of therapeutic areas and product types biotechnology including monoclonal antibodies, gene-therapy and new chemical entities – both innovative and generics.

The entire team has significant experience and knowledge of European regulatory procedures national, mutual recognition, decentralised and centralised and an in-depth awareness of current legislation and industry trends. Diamond BioPharm consultants have extensive experience of assisting clients with regulatory support from early stages of product development through to achievement of marketing authorisations, orphan designations, scientific advice and have also assisted with the maintenance of marketing authorisations through variations, and monitoring and updating of prescribing information.

Diamond Pharma Services, Inc. The company was founded in as a subsidiary of Diamond BioPharm Ltd. Xiang Gao offers consulting services. We work closely with pharmaceutical scientists to advance drug development decisions through micro-scale image analysis and forensics. Through microstructure engineering our scientists work hand in hand to identify the best characterization solutions using X-ray micro-CT, X-ray microscopy, and FIB-SEM imaging techniques.

Our AI based analysis tools has aided leading pharmaceutical innovators in assessing release performance, drug product quality, formulation decisions, and process optimization.

We innovate at the intersection of science, technology, art and learning to create accurate and effective visual context for understanding science.

Our team members combine graduate-level training in the life sciences with industry-leading skills in animation, experience design and software development.

This empowers scientists to draw their own, evidence based, conclusions and develop data-driven insights into human disease biology. Our ready-to-use applications and capabilities enable taking a data-driven approach to: Target Discovery – Novel target predictions to improve preclinical pipeline performance in all therapeutic areas Indication Selection – Novel disease association predictions to expand indications of existing drugs Target Evaluation – Accelerate assessment of target candidates from in-house discovery and in-licensing.

Our core capability lies in providing novel functional clinical diagnostic tests that recognize apoptotic potential of biopsied cancer cells, for instance Bcl-2 protein family dependencies. The information indicates likelihood of patient response and can be used in selecting patients into clinical trials.

A new approach to assessing “mitochondrial priming” using novel “PrimAb” antibodies that measure the function of the Bcl-2 protein family is being offered to develop predictive biomarker assays. The PrimAbs selectively bind to specific Bcl-2 family protein complexes.

Ex vivo measurements of these intracellular protein complexes are made using flow cytometry or IHC in liquid or solid tumors. These measurements have been shown to correlate to cancer cell responsiveness to a wide range of apoptosis-inducing therapies, including BH3 mimetic containing therapeutic regimens. Boston, MA United States Enlight Bioscience focuses on pioneering breakthrough innovations for drug discovery and development.

In , the College officially became a coeducational institution. Founded in in San Diego, California, we have been providing scientists of both academia and industry with a variety of services and products to assist them in research.

At Eton we strive to provide only the best through our high quality and reliable services, customer care and competitive pricing. We understand that by developing and utilizing the latest innovative techniques, sustainable practices, and efficiency, we are on the way to becoming the number one DNA sequencing company in the nation.

Taking pride in what we do, we deliver science, not words. EverCell Bio offers three categories of services to meet all of your stem cell needs. Human cell services: reprogramming, gene modification, differentiation, human cell culture, cell banking, and custom characterization 2. Product services: product testing, comparative evaluation, and quality control and assurance 3. Support services: technical support, scientific consultations, on-site support, and stem cell training All services are delivered with the highest quality and consistency technically possible.

Pharmaceutical companies can rapidly propel advances in drug discovery and clinical development while introducing new and more efficacious compounds, cutting costs and reducing compound attrition.

This powerful technology provides the speed, stability and scalability needed to support ongoing pre-clinical iteration and to design safer and more effective drugs cost-effectively. Over the years we have expanded from a single location offering SIMS only to having over employees offering over 30 different services via 14 locations in 8 different countries. EAG’s analytical expertise is what enables us to help our clients to meet their goals.

By setting a new standard for recreating true-to-life human biology, Emulate is advancing product innovation, design, and safety across a range of applications in drug development, agriculture, cosmetics, chemical-based consumer products, and personalized health. Enanta has developed novel protease inhibitors and NS5A inhibitors that are members of the direct-acting-antiviral DAA inhibitor classes designed for use against the hepatitis C virus HCV.

Enanta has also discovered a cyclophilin inhibitor, EDP, a novel host-targeting mechanism for HCV, which is now in a phase 1 clinical development. Exiqon operates in two business areas: Life Sciences and Diagnostics. Exiqon Diagnostics collaborates with pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies to develop novel molecular diagnostic tests for early detection of diseases which can help physicians make treatment decisions based on the tools developed by Exiqon Life Sciences.

We cater to the needs of both academia and industry. We enable novel scientific discoveries by providing spatial biology services across biological disciplines, viz.

Through scale, we aim to under take large projects — whether these are at lasing projects, meta science projects, discovery biology, or clinical trials. We are conscious of the fact that scale in sample processing also leads to greater demands in data analytics and interpretation. We serve customers by not only providing the data, but insights! Although we are based in Europe, we work with scientists across the world.

Our GLP compliant and CLIA certified services make us the perfect partner during pre-clinical research and diagnostic test development. Canton, MA United States Equipnet provides appraisal services, corporate solutions, procurement,and asset sales. Programming is organized around a “recovery oriented” treatment philosophy, and the Mental Health Service Line is a national leader in psychosocial rehabilitation, research and education.

Embryotech Laboratories is also a provider of several human sperm assays. In addition, it is the leader in supplying all stages of fresh and cryopreserved mouse embryos as well as hamster ova.

Cambridge, MA United States Forsyth Institute maintains specialty Core Services that provide specialized equipment and expertise for its investigators and, on a fee-for-service basis, to researchers from other institutions. Andover, MA United States Formatech offers preformulation, formulation development, lyophilization, cell culture, fermentation, peptide and antibody purification, stability testing, and manufacturing services.

Fortis Life Sciences was founded in , with the vision of creating a unique life sciences company focused on offering world class products coupled with the best customer experience in the life science tools industry. At Fortis, we understand the impact scientific discovery has on society and how it affects people and human health. Therefore, we think about the effect your work has on the world every single day. Great products are everywhere. Yet, somewhere between the rapid advancement of science and technology, our industry lost something important.

We lost the ease of connecting and the simplicity of getting the answers you need, when you need them. We are committed to developing reagents of the highest quality standards so your work continues with maximum integrity.

But this is just our first step. Our products are backed by strong and knowledgeable customer and technical support. So, whether you prefer a digital self-service experience or connecting with us live, we promise reliable, responsive services to collaboratively support your success. It is our promise to ensure that every click, every purchase, and every interaction with Fortis brings you one step closer to discovery and -together- brings us one step closer to a healthier world.

Our services will help prepare companies for opportunities to improve the organization’s position within life science markets and achieve financial growth. We look beyond the common practice of incorporating general vendor exhibits as part of business development strategies. Targeted visibility and market research are key factors. Our work is driven by a clear understanding of the value of a targeted business development solution that is client-centered.

We can source human as well as animal blood. Culture protocols can be customized based on client needs and we can ship frozen cells to our clients. We are located in Boston and offer fast delivery to Boston-area clients. We also serve clients all over the US and internationally.

We do this using parsimonious fit-for-purpose models based on preclinical and early-clinical data, that provide clear direction for experimental design and strategic decision-making, within very short timelines. We are drug development scientists, skilled at using model-based approaches as a means to an end. Our scientists can work collaboratively with you to design optimal experiments that are focused narrowly on the critical path to the first-in-human trials, and to help you make the right design choices to advance your molecule quickly and cost-efficiently to the right decisions.

We are currently collaborating with more than 20 biotech and pharmaceutical companies, as well as numerous academic medical centers, to help accelerate the development of new targeted therapies. Utilizing our molecular information platform, we enable better selection of drug candidates, a better understanding of mechanisms of sensitivity or resistance, more efficient clinical trial design and faster patient recruitment into clinical trials.

Ultimately, we believe these partnerships will accelerate the delivery of safe, effective targeted therapies available for patients with cancer. It’s also our passion. We thrive on shouldering and solving the business and technical challenges that keep our clients up at night. There’s no reason for all of us to be up all night. Find out why Foliage has become a trusted partner to so many leading brands and successful start-ups. We can give your company a distinct advantage in today’s fiercely competitive marketplace.

Two products: large scale single cell expression profiling kits and very low sample input targeted DNA preparation kits easily customized for cancer monitor and tissue bank mining.

The company specializes in first-in-human data generation for the biotech, pharma as well as cosmetic and consumer goods industry. Leveraged by artificial intelligence and machine learning, Genoskin’s human skin platforms generate actionable human data ahead of clinical trials to significantly reduce the costs, duration and risks inherent in drug development To do so, we use patented technologies to bio-stabilize, in a functional survival state, discarded human skin tissue obtained from plastic procedures.

Our living and immunocompetent ex vivo human skin models are closest to what can be seen during clinical trials and are a reliable alternative to animal testing. Cambridge, MA United States Genzyme Genetics offers immunophenotyping, oncology testing, and reproductive testing services.

As a scalable high-throughput gene synthesis process that delivers clonal, sequence-perfect constructs from to 10,bp at the lowest cost, there are certain guidelines that Gen9 provides to take advantage of the technology. The minimum order quantity is 20, bp.

Gen9 provides DNA constructs, dried down, in 1 microgram quantities on well plates. Gen9’s philosophy is order more constructs up front, so that you are more likely to get the end products that you need faster.

Build more each round of the design-build-test cycle to reduce the number of cycles and shorten project time overall. Performed data QC, across platform integration, and post-clustering collection of differentially expressed genes, and expression maps. Specifications of the different biomarkers.

Performing clustering of protein dynamic patterns and gene enrichment analysis corresponding to these clusters allow to identify the transition point from the morphogenesis to organogenesis.

In addition, performed a Bayesian confidence interval assignment in quantitative proteomics. Report of data characteristics affecting the binding properties of proteins. Implemented predictive approach towards the impact on binding properties. Developing and implementing computational tools that assist in automating and streamlining structural protein screening.

The Gemedy SKEIN tool visualizes any uncovered networks of influence and provides recommendations for either leveraging or counteracting those networks. Late stage clinical failures have forced the field to reevaluate the tools and hypotheses which have been used to design and develop drugs for central nervous system CNS disorders for the past 25 years. A number of key challenges have been identified: Complex CNS diseases, which are caused by the interplay between many genes and pathways, are unlikely to be effectively treated using drugs which target a single protein.

The battery of standardized laboratory rodent models of behavior is far from optimal in predicting human clinical outcomes. Clinical trials of CNS drugs are hampered by the lack of objective measures of disease state and drug effects. At Galenea, we believe that each of these significant challenges can be addressed by a focus on synaptic transmission — the means by which signals are transmitted from neuron to neuron and across dense networks in the brain.

Dysfunctions in synaptic transmission are key elements in Alzheimer’s disease AD , Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, epilepsy, bipolar depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and traumatic brain injury. And in neurodegenerative disorders such as AD, changes at the synapse appear very early in the disease.

One Kendall Square Building Suite 3 Cambridge, MA USA Genometry is a platform-technology company founded by a multidisciplinary team of genome scientists to commercialize a revolutionary genome-wide high-throughput low-cost gene-expression profiling method L for next-generation pharmaceutical discovery applications.

This has been accompanied by increased global client demand for the provision of additional services and solutions that utilize our Regulatory Affairs, Quality Assurance and Clinical Development knowledge and experience to give them a competitive edge.

In response, our core services, while committed to Regulatory Affairs, Quality Assurance and Clinical Development, have expanded accordingly. Cambridge, MA United States Genstruct offers knowledge assembly models, biomarkers, and systems biology.

It also prioritizes prognostic biomarkers that identify disease drivers that when perturbed show a change in the outcome of interest. The tool accelerates the process of preparing for later phase trials by reducing biomarker discovery from months to weeks. We partner with drug discovery companies to accelerate their insight into the most difficult-to-treat diseases. Leveraging whole genome sequence and rich clinical data, we identify and validate novel drug targets and drug response biomarkers.

Services include population-scale, disease-specific data sourcing, high-quality sequencing, robust statistical analysis, and software tools for analyzing large datasets and artificial intelligence AI. The company operates advanced CAP-accredited genomics laboratories in Dublin, Ireland, and is deeply committed to data stewardship and data governance across its global offices. For more information, visit us at www. Boston, MA, United States Committed to meet all of the flow cytometry needs for the BIDMC and the external research community, the Flow Cytometry Core facility offers state of the art instrumentation for routine flow cytometry and cell sorting.

Our unique CE-MS and LC-MS platforms provide quantitative and untargeted measurements for primary metabolism and profiling for many types of samples and applications. Based on statistical, multivariate and pathway analyses, our research coordinators support the study design and biological interpretation. The Facility provides services and supervision in Transmission Electron Microscopy.

By emulating Nature’s principles for self-organizing and self-regulating, Wyss researchers are developing innovative new engineering solutions for healthcare, energy, architecture, robotics, and manufacturing. These technologies are translated into commercial products and therapies through collaborations with clinical investigators, corporate alliances, and new start-ups. Horizon Discovery Inc.

A Horizon Discovery is focused on commercializing the application of gene editing and gene modulation to accelerate scientific innovation and biopharmaceutical drug development. Built upon decades of experience engineering cell lines, RNA synthesis, and bioinformatic design, we have created a unique portfolio of reagents and services that empower researchers to push their work forward with data generated from cell models.

Whether users want to run the experiments in their labs or utilize our services group for cell line engineering or genomic screening projects, Horizon can support it. These enable almost any gene to be edited, or its function modulated. Horizon also offers catalog knockout cell lines, bioproduction platforms, molecular reference standards. Through the University’s partnerships with surrounding hospitals and research organizations we also serve labs throughout the entire Longwood Medical Area LMA.

While the majority of our users are from the LMA we also serve labs at schools, universities and biotechnology companies from all across the world. We have been assembling the strongest life science consulting team in the business for more than two decades. Attracting the best people is a product of thought leadership, but also of culture.

Boston, MA, United States The function of the Confocal Core is to provide services in confocal microscopy, light microscopy and immunostaining for cells and tissues. We were founded by immunologist Suzana Marusic, M. The company is named after Robert Hooke, F. We have three complementary lines of business supporting in vivo and ex vivo research worldwide. Hooke Laboratories is a full-service pre-clinical CRO specializing in rodent models of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

Our CRO customers include leading international pharmas, venture-funded biotechs, universities and small startups. Our product customers are even more diverse and include university, foundation, and commercial scientists in more than 40 different countries. We successfully assembled both the Asian and African human genome sequences , achieving an N50 contig size of 7. The development of this de novo short read assembly method creates new opportunities Segmental reversal of distal small intestine in short bowel syndrome.

Body weight was measured daily and the pigs were euthanized after 1 month. Crypt depths, villus heights and muscle layers thicknesses were measured. For the evaluation of microvilli of the brush border of the epithelium and cell proliferation In the distal ileal segment the longitudinal muscle layer thicknesses were increased in the SBS group. Otherwise, no significant changes were found.

Conclusion: Reversal of a cm ISRNA: an integrative online toolkit for short reads from high-throughput sequencing data. Besides the high-speed genome mapping function, ISRNA provides statistics for genomic location, length distribution and nucleotide composition bias analysis of sequence reads.

Number of reads mapped to known microRNAs and other classes of short non-coding RNAs, coverage of short reads on genes, expression abundance of sequence reads as well as some other analysis functions are also supported. The versatile search functions enable users to select sequence reads according to their sub- sequences , expression abundance, genomic location, relationship to genes, etc.

A specialized genome browser is integrated to visualize the genomic distribution of short reads. ISRNA also supports management and comparison among multiple datasets. Short linear shadows connecting pulmonary segmental arteries to oblique fissures in volumetric thin-section CT images: comparing CT, micro-CT and histopathology.

To retrospectively evaluate short linear shadows connecting pulmonary segmental arteries to oblique fissures in thin-section CT images and determine their anatomical basis. CT scanning was performed on patients and 11 lung specimens with no lung diseases around the oblique fissures or hilar. Two radiologists evaluated the imaging.

The parameters included length, thickness of short linear shadows, pulmonary segmental artery variations, and traction interlobar fissures, etc. The short linear shadows were not related to sex, age, or smoking history. The lengths of the short linear shadows were generally within 10 mm.

The thicknesses of the short linear shadows ranged from 1 to 2 mm. Of the patients, In three-dimensional images, the short linear shadows appeared as arc planes, with one side edge connected to the oblique fissure, one side edge connected to a pulmonary segmental artery.

On the tissue slices, the short linear shadow exhibited a band structure composed of connective tissues, small blood vessels, and small lymphatic vessels. Short linear shadows are a type of normal intrapulmonary membranes and can maintain the integrity of the oblique fissures and hilar structure. Full Text Available Nowadays, heart diseases are the leading cause of death.

Left ventricle segmentation of a human heart in magnetic resonance images MRI is a crucial step in both cardiac diseases diagnostics and heart internal structure reconstruction. It allows estimating such important parameters as ejection faction, left ventricle myocardium mass, stroke volume, etc.

In addition, left ventricle segmentation helps to construct the personalized heart computational models in order to conduct the numerical simulations.

At present, the fully automated cardiac segmentation methods still do not meet the accuracy requirements. We present an overview of left ventricle segmentation algorithms on short -axis MRI. A wide variety of completely different approaches are used for cardiac segmentation , including machine learning, graph-based methods, deformable models, and low-level heuristics.

The current state-of-the-art technique is a combination of deformable models with advanced machine learning methods, such as deep learning or Markov random fields. We expect that approaches based on deep belief networks are the most promising ones because the main training process of networks with this architecture can be performed on the unlabelled data.

In order to improve the quality of left ventricle segmentation algorithms, we need more datasets with labelled cardiac MRI data in open access. Exploiting publicly available biological and biochemical information for the discovery of novel short linear motifs.

The function of proteins is often mediated by short linear segments of their amino acid sequence , called Short Linear Motifs or SLiMs, the identification of which can provide important information about a protein function.

However, the short length. Full Text Available Previous studies on Barrett’s esophagus BE risk factors have had differing case definitions and control groups. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in risk factors between newly diagnosed vs. We conducted a cross-sectional study among eligible patients scheduled for elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGD and patients eligible for screening colonoscopy, recruited from primary care clinics at a Veterans Affairs center.

All participants completed a survey on demographics, gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD symptoms and medication use prior to undergoing study EGD.

We compared BE cases separately to two control groups: primary care controls and endoscopy controls. Associations between risk factors and differing BE case definitions were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression models.

Likewise, the inverse association with H. GERD symptoms and H. Few differences were observed between BE cases and endoscopy controls. We found differences in the strength and profiles of risk factors for BE.

The findings support that epidemiological studies of BE should make a distinction between long and short , new and prevalent, endoscopy-only and BE with SIM as well as type of controls. Advantage of whole exome sequencing over allele-specific and targeted segment sequencing in detection of novel TULP1 mutation in leber congenital amaurosis.

Subsequently, exome sequencing was undertaken in the proband, unaffected consanguineous parents and two unaffected siblings. Segmentation of myocardial perfusion MR sequences with multi-band Active Appearance Models driven by spatial and temporal features.

Baka, N. This work investigates knowledge driven segmentation of cardiac MR perfusion sequences. We build upon previous work on multi-band AAMs to integrate into the segmentation both spatial priors about myocardial shape as well as temporal priors about characteristic perfusion patterns.

Different temporal. An efficient and high fidelity method for amplification, cloning and sequencing of complete tospovirus genomic RNA segments. Amplification and sequencing of the complete M- and S-RNA segments of Tomato spotted wilt virus and Impatiens necrotic spot virus as a single fragment is useful for whole genome sequencing of tospoviruses co-infecting a single host plant.

It avoids issues associated with overlapping amplicon-based Full Text Available Eucalyptus spp kraft pulp, due to its high content of hexenuronic acids, is quite easy to bleach. Therefore, investigations have been made attempting to decrease the number of stages in the bleaching process in order to minimize capital costs. Uncommon pulp treatments, such as molybdenum catalyzed acid peroxide PMo and xylanase X bleaching stages, were used.

This sequence was highly cost-effective although it only produced pulp of acceptable quality. Automatic gallbladder segmentation using combined 2D and 3D shape features to perform volumetric analysis in native and secretin-enhanced MRCP sequences.

We aimed to develop the first fully automated 3D gallbladder segmentation approach to perform volumetric analysis in volume data of magnetic resonance MR cholangiopancreatography MRCP sequences. Volumetric gallbladder analysis is performed for non-contrast-enhanced and secretin-enhanced MRCP sequences. Native and secretin-enhanced MRCP volume data were produced with a 1.

Images of coronal maximum intensity projections MIP are used to automatically compute 2D characteristic shape features of the gallbladder in the MIP images. A gallbladder shape space is generated to derive 3D gallbladder shape features, which are then combined with 2D gallbladder shape features in a support vector machine approach to detect gallbladder regions in MRCP volume data.

A region-based level set approach is used for fine segmentation. Volumetric analysis is performed for both sequences to calculate gallbladder volume differences between both sequences. The approach presented achieves segmentation results with mean Dice coefficients of 0. This is the first approach developed to detect and segment gallbladders in MR-based volume data automatically in both sequences. It can be used to perform gallbladder volume determination in epidemiological studies and to detect abnormal gallbladder volumes or shapes.

The positive volume differences between both sequences may indicate the quantity of the pancreatobiliary reflux. Salt-bridging effects on short amphiphilic helical structure and introducing sequence -based short beta-turn motifs.

Determining the minimal sequence necessary to induce protein folding is beneficial in understanding the role of protein-protein interactions in biological systems, as their three-dimensional structures often dictate their activity. Manipulating the sequence of short , moderately helical peptides can help elucidate the influences on folding. We created two new scaffolds based on a modestly helical eight-residue peptide, PT3, we previously published.

Using circular dichroism CD spectroscopy and changing the possible salt-bridging residues to new combinations of Lys, Arg, Glu, and Asp, we found that our most helical improvements came from the Arg-Glu combination, whereas the Lys-Asp was not significantly different from the Lys-Glu of the parent scaffold, PT3.

The marked 3 10 -helical contributions in PT3 were lessened in the Arg-Glu-containing peptide with the beginning of cooperative unfolding seen through a thermal denaturation. Overall, the results indicate that improvements made to short peptide scaffolds by fine-tuning the salt-bridging residues can enhance scaffold structure. Inspired by the recent spatio-temporal action localization efforts with tubelets sequences of bounding boxes , we present a new spatio-temporal action localization detector Segment -tube, which consists of sequences of per-frame segmentation masks.

Simultaneously, the Segment -tube detector produces per-fr Fluence map segmentation. For the island coastline segmentation , a fast segmentation algorithm for C-V model method based on exponential image sequence generation is proposed in this paper.

The exponential multi-scale C-V model with level set inheritance and boundary inheritance is developed. The main research contributions are as follows: 1 the problems of the “holes” and “gaps” are solved when extraction coastline through the small scale shrinkage, low-pass filtering and area sorting of region.

Experiment results show that the method accelerates the acquisition of initial level set formation, shortens the time of the extraction of coastline, at the same time, removes the non-coastline body part and improves the identification precision of the main body coastline, which automates the process of coastline segmentation.

SeqEntropy: genome-wide assessment of repeats for short read sequencing. We investigated the limitation from the perspective of information theory to evaluate the effect of repeats on short -read genome assembly using idealized error-free reads at different lengths. Our results indicate that the levels of repeats in different genomes are diverse and the entropy of sequencing reads provides a measurement for the repeat structures.

Moreover, the calculation can be parallelized to scale up to large euakryotic genomes. This approach may be useful to tune the sequencing parameters to achieve better genome assemblies when a closely related genome is already available.

Accurate typing of short tandem repeats from genome-wide sequencing data and its applications. Short tandem repeats STRs are implicated in dozens of human genetic diseases and contribute significantly to genome variation and instability. Yet profiling STRs from short -read sequencing data is challenging because of their high sequencing error rates. Here, we developed STR-FM, short tandem repeat profiling using flank-based mapping, a computational pipeline that can detect the full spectrum of STR alleles from short -read data, can adapt to emerging read-mapping algorithms, and can be applied to heterogeneous genetic samples e.

We constructed an error correction model for genotyping STRs that can distinguish heterozygous alleles containing STRs with consecutive repeat numbers. Applying our model and pipeline to Illumina sequencing data with bp reads, we could confidently genotype several disease-related long trinucleotide STRs. Utilizing this pipeline, for the first time we determined the genome-wide STR germline mutation rate from a deeply sequenced human pedigree. Additionally, we built a tool that recommends minimal sequencing depth for accurate STR genotyping, depending on repeat length and sequencing read length.

This suite of tools addresses the pressing challenges surrounding STR genotyping, and thus is of wide interest to researchers investigating disease-related STRs and STR evolution. Domestic cats exhibit abundant variations in tail morphology and serve as an excellent model to study the development and evolution of vertebrate tails. Cats with shortened and kinked tails were first recorded in the Malayan archipelago by Charles Darwin in and remain quite common today in Southeast and East Asia.

To elucidate the genetic basis of short tails in Asian cats, we built a pedigree of 13 cats segregating at the trait with a founder from southern China and performed linkage mapping based on whole genome sequencing data from the pedigree.

The short -tailed trait was mapped to a 5. Validation in unrelated cats confirmed the correlation between HES7-c. In addition, some of our sampled kinked-tailed cats could not be explained by either HES7 or the Manx-related T-box, suggesting at least three independent events in the evolution of domestic cats giving rise to short -tailed traits. Lateral sphincteromyotomy in patients with outlet obstruction after surgery for Hirschsprung’s disease and short-segment disease.

The results of lateral sphincteromyotomy LSM including the external sphincter in patients with severe outlet obstruction OO and constipation refractory to medical treatment after surgery for Hirschsprung’s disease HD or with short-segment disease were evaluated. The parents filled out a det Full Text Available For the island coastline segmentation , a fast segmentation algorithm for C-V model method based on exponential image sequence generation is proposed in this paper.

Transcriptional sequencing and analysis of major genes involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments. A total of 74, unigenes were generated and DEGs were identified.

Candidate genes that may be involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segment were revealed. Adventitious root formation is a crucial step in plant vegetative propagation, but the molecular mechanism of adventitious root formation remains unclear.

Adventitious roots formed only at the proximal cut surface PCS of mango cotyledon segments , whereas no roots were formed on the opposite, distal cut surface DCS. Illumina sequencing of libraries generated from these samples yielded DCS when time-matched samples were compared. Of these DEGs, were assigned to gene ontology GO classes, the majority of that was involved in cellular processes, metabolic processes and single-organism processes. Candidate genes that may be involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segment are predicted to encode polar auxin transport carriers, auxin-regulated proteins, cell wall remodeling enzymes and ethylene-related proteins.

In order to validate RNA- sequencing results, we further analyzed the expression profiles of 20 genes by quantitative real-time PCR. This study expands the transcriptome information for Mangifera indica and identifies candidate genes involved in adventitious root formation in cotyledon segments of mango. Growing evidence suggests that the cerebellum is not only involved in motor functions, but it significantly contributes to sensory and cognitive processing as well.

In particular, it has been hypothesized that the cerebellum identifies recurrent serial events and recognizes their violations. Here we used transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS to shed light on the role of the cerebellum in short -term memory of visual sequences. In turn, cerebellar TMS did not affect recognition of highly familiar short sequences of letters or numbers.

Overall, our data suggest that the cerebellum is involved in memorizing the order in which concatenated stimuli appear, this process being important for sequence learning. Semiautomatic segmentation of aortic valve from sequenced ultrasound image using a novel shape-constraint GCV model. Purpose: Effective and accurate segmentation of the aortic valve AV from sequenced ultrasound US images remains a technical challenge because of intrinsic factors of ultrasound images that impact the quality and the continuous changes of shape and position of segmented objects.

In this paper, a novel shape-constraint gradient Chan-Vese GCV model is proposed for segmenting the AV from time serial echocardiography. Methods: The GCV model is derived by incorporating the energy of the gradient vector flow into a CV model framework, where the gradient vector energy term is introduced by calculating the deviation angle between the inward normal force of the evolution contour and the gradient vector force.

The flow force enlarges the capture range and enhances the blurred boundaries of objects. This is achieved by adding a circle-like contour constructed using the AV structure region as a constraint shape as an energy item to the GCV model through the shape comparison function. This shape-constrained energy can enhance the image constraint force by effectively connecting separate gaps of the object edge as well as driving the evolution contour to quickly approach the ideal object.

Because of the slight movement of the AV in adjacent frames, the initial constraint shape is defined by users, with the other constraint shapes being derived from the segmentation results of adjacent sequence frames after morphological filtering.

The AV is segmented from the US images by minimizing the proposed energy function. Results: To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, five assessment parameters were used to compare it with manual delineations performed by radiologists gold standards.

Three hundred and fifteen images acquired from nine groups were analyzed in the experiment. The area-metric overlap error rate was 6. Studying a free fall experiment using short sequences of images. We discuss a new alternative for obtaining position and time coordinates from a video of a free fall experiment.

In our approach, after converting the video to a short sequence of images, the images are analyzed using a web page application developed by the author. The main advantage of the setup explained in this work, is that it is simple to use, no software license fees are necessary, and can be scaled-up to be used by a big number of students in introductory physics courses. The steps involved in the full analysis of a falling object are: we grab a short digital video of the experiment and convert it to a sequence of images, then, using a web page that includes all the necessary javascript, the student can easily click on the object of interest to obtain the x,y,t coordinates, finally, the student analyze motion using a spreadsheet.

Characterizing novel endogenous retroviruses from genetic variation inferred from short sequence reads. From Illumina sequencing of DNA from brain and liver tissue from the lion, Panthera leo, and tumor samples from the pike-perch, Sander lucioperca, we obtained two assembled sequence contigs with similarity to known retroviruses. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the pike-perch retrovirus belongs To determine if these novel retroviral sequences originate from an endogenous retrovirus or from a recently integrated exogenous retrovirus, we assessed the genetic diversity of the parental sequences from which the short Illumina reads Full Text Available Abstract Background The orthoreoviruses are infectious agents that possess a genome comprised of 10 double-stranded RNA segments encased in two concentric protein capsids.

RdRp sequences have been determined for the prototype mammalian orthoreoviruses and for several other closely-related reoviruses, including aquareoviruses, but have not yet been reported for any avian orthoreoviruses. Alignments of these newly-determined ARV genome segments , and their corresponding proteins, were performed with all currently available homologous mammalian reovirus MRV and aquareovirus AqRV genome segment and protein sequences.

Pulmonary parenchyma segmentation in thin CT image sequences with spectral clustering and geodesic active contour model based on similarity. While the popular thin layer scanning technology of spiral CT has helped to improve diagnoses of lung diseases, the large volumes of scanning images produced by the technology also dramatically increase the load of physicians in lesion detection.

Computer-aided diagnosis techniques like lesions segmentation in thin CT sequences have been developed to address this issue, but it remains a challenge to achieve high segmentation efficiency and accuracy without much involvement of human manual intervention.

In this paper, we present our research on automated segmentation of lung parenchyma with an improved geodesic active contour model that is geodesic active contour model based on similarity GACBS. Combining spectral clustering algorithm based on Nystrom SCN with GACBS, this algorithm first extracts key image slices, then uses these slices to generate an initial contour of pulmonary parenchyma of un- segmented slices with an interpolation algorithm, and finally segments lung parenchyma of un- segmented slices.

Experimental results show that the segmentation results generated by our method are close to what manual segmentation can produce, with an average volume overlap ratio of SRComp: short read sequence compression using burstsort and Elias omega coding.

Full Text Available Next-generation sequencing NGS technologies permit the rapid production of vast amounts of data at low cost. Economical data storage and transmission hence becomes an increasingly important challenge for NGS experiments. In this paper, we introduce a new non-reference based read sequence compression tool called SRComp.

It works by first employing a fast string-sorting algorithm called burstsort to sort read sequences in lexicographical order and then Elias omega-based integer coding to encode the sorted read sequences.

SRComp has been benchmarked on four large NGS datasets, where experimental results show that it can run times faster than current state-of-the-art read sequence compression tools such as BEETL and SCALCE, while retaining comparable compression efficiency for large collections of short read sequences. SRComp is a read sequence compression tool that is particularly valuable in certain applications where compression time is of major concern. Full Text Available We examined the impact of listening context sound duration and prior presentation on the human perception of segmentation in sequences of computer music.

In addition, response lag was reduced from a first hearing to a second hearing, and following long 7 s rather than short 1 or 3 s segments. These findings point to the role of short -term memory in dynamic structural perception of computer music. Optimization of short amino acid sequences classifier. This article describes processing methods used for short amino acid sequences classification. The data processed are 9-symbols string representations of amino acid sequences , divided into 49 data sets – each one containing samples labeled as reacting or not with given enzyme.

The goal of the classification is to determine for a single enzyme, whether an amino acid sequence would react with it or not. Each data set is processed separately. Feature selection is performed to reduce the number of dimensions for each data set.

The method used for feature selection consists of two phases. During the first phase, significant positions are selected using Classification and Regression Trees.

Afterwards, symbols appearing at the selected positions are substituted with numeric values of amino acid properties taken from the AAindex database. In the second phase the new set of features is reduced using a correlation-based ranking formula and Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization.

SPDE, an evolutionary algorithm, is used to obtain optimal hyperparameters for the LS-SVM classifier, such as error penalty parameter C and kernel-specific hyperparameters. A simple score penalty is used to adapt the SPDE algorithm to the task of selecting classifiers with best performance measures values.

SBASE 8. A domain-search facility was developed, based on non-parametric pattern recognition methods, including artificial neural networks. Model-based segmentation of short -axis MR cardiac images.

Reliable automatic segmentation of MR cardiac images is still an important problem in medical image processing. Although image data quality has improved considerably during the last years, this segmentation is still considered a difficult problem.

Manual segmentation is hardly an option as this is. A low false negative filter for detecting rare bird species from short video segments using a probable observation data set-based EKF method. We report a new filter to assist the search for rare bird species.

Since a rare bird only appears in front of a camera with very low occurrence e. We verify the bird body axis information with the known bird flying dynamics from the short video segment. The algorithm has been extensively tested using both simulated inputs and real video data of four representative bird species.

In the physical experiments, our algorithm has been tested on rock pigeons and red-tailed hawks with motion sequences. The area under the ROC curve is During the one-year search of ivory-billed woodpeckers, the system reduces the raw video data of Short term reproducibility of a high contrast 3-D isotropic optic nerve imaging sequence in healthy controls.

The optic nerve ON plays a crucial role in human vision transporting all visual information from the retina to the brain for higher order processing. There are many diseases that affect the ON structure such as optic neuritis, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis.

Because the ON is the sole pathway for visual information from the retina to areas of higher level processing, measures of ON damage have been shown to correlate well with visual deficits. Increased intracranial pressure has been shown to correlate with the size of the cerebrospinal fluid CSF surrounding the ON.

These measures are generally taken at an arbitrary point along the nerve and do not account for changes along the length of the ON. We propose a high contrast and high-resolution 3-D acquired isotropic imaging sequence optimized for ON imaging.

We have acquired scan-rescan data using the optimized sequence and a current standard of care protocol for 10 subjects.

We show that this sequence has superior contrast-to-noise ratio to the current standard of care while achieving a factor of 11 higher resolution. We apply a previously published automatic pipeline to segment the ON and CSF sheath and measure the size of each individually.

We show that these measures of ON size have lower short – term reproducibility than the population variance and the variability along the length of the nerve.

We find that the proposed imaging protocol is 1 useful in detecting population differences and local changes and 2 a promising tool for investigating biomarkers related to structural changes of the ON. Full Text Available Robust gait segmentation is the basis for mobile gait analysis. A range of methods have been applied and evaluated for gait segmentation of healthy and pathological gait bouts. In this paper, we compare four prevalent gait segmentation methods in order to reveal their strengths and drawbacks in gait processing.

We considered peak detection from event-based methods, two variations of dynamic time warping from template matching methods, and hierarchical hidden Markov models hHMMs from machine learning methods. To evaluate the methods, we included two supervised and instrumented gait tests that are widely used in the examination of Parkinsonian gait.

In the first experiment, a sequence of strides from instructed straight walks was measured from 10 PD patients. In the second experiment, a more heterogeneous assessment paradigm was used from an additional 34 PD patients, including straight walks and turning strides as well as non-stride movements. The goal of the latter experiment was to evaluate the methods in challenging situations including turning strides and non-stride movements. Hence, we concluded that in the case of a predefined and homogeneous sequence of strides, all methods can be applied equally.

The hHMM also proved promising in distinguishing between strides and non-stride movements, which is critical for clinical gait analysis. Our results indicate that both the instrumented test procedure and the required stride segmentation algorithm have to be selected adequately in order to support and complement classical. Resonant magnetoelectric response of composite cantilevers: Theory of short vs.

Full Text Available The magnetoelectric effect in layered composite cantilevers consisting of strain coupled layers of magnetostrictive MS, piezoelectric PE, and substrate materials is investigated for magnetic field excitation at bending resonance.

Response optimized PE-MS layer thickness ratios are found to greatly change with operation mode shifting from near equal MS and PE layer thicknesses in the open circuit mode to near vanishing PE layer thicknesses in short circuit operation for all layer sequences.

In addition the substrate layer thickness is found to differently affect the open and short circuit ME response producing shifts and reversal between ME response maxima depending on layer sequence. The observed rich ME response behavior for different layer thicknesses, sequences , operating modes, and PE materials can be explained by common neutral plane effects and different elastic compliance effects in short and open circuit operation.

Holmium laser vs. Our goal was to analyze the outcome between holmium laser and cold knife direct visual internal urethrotomy DVIU for short-segment bulbar urethral stricture.

We conducted a prospective study comprised of male patients seen from June to December Patient followup included uroflowmetry at postoperative Day 3, as well as at three months and six months. Baseline demographics were comparable in both groups. A total of patients met the inclusion criteria and five patients were excluded due to inadequate followup.

Mean stricture length was 1. Mean operating time in Group A was Five patients in Group A had bleeding after the procedure that was managed conservatively by applying perineal compression. Three patients in Group B had fluid extravasation postoperatively.

Both holmium laser and cold knife urethrotomy are safe and equally effective in treating short-segment bulbar urethral strictures in terms of outcome and complication rate. However, holmium laser requires more expertise and is a costly alternative.

Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni applying flaA short variable region sequencing , multilocus sequencing and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. FTIR has been shown to serve as a valuable tool in typing An objective method to optimize the MR sequence set for plaque classification in carotid vessel wall images using automated image segmentation. Full Text Available A typical MR imaging protocol to study the status of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery consists of the application of multiple MR sequences.

Since scanner time is limited, a balance has to be reached between the duration of the applied MR protocol and the quantity and quality of the resulting images which are needed to assess the disease. In this study an objective method to optimize the MR sequence set for classification of soft plaque in vessel wall images of the carotid artery using automated image segmentation was developed.

The automated method employs statistical pattern recognition techniques and was developed based on an extensive set of MR contrast weightings and corresponding manual segmentations of the vessel wall and soft plaque components, which were validated by histological sections.

Evaluation of the results from nine contrast weightings showed the tradeoff between scan duration and automated image segmentation performance. For our dataset the best segmentation performance was achieved by selecting five contrast weightings.

The presented approach can help others to optimize MR imaging protocols by investigating the tradeoff between scan duration and automated image segmentation performance possibly leading to shorter scanning times and better image interpretation. This approach can potentially also be applied to other research fields focusing on different diseases and anatomical regions.

MATAM: reconstruction of phylogenetic marker genes from short sequencing reads in metagenomes. Advances in the sequencing of uncultured environmental samples, dubbed metagenomics, raise a growing need for accurate taxonomic assignment. Accurate identification of organisms present within a community is essential to understanding even the most elementary ecosystems.

However, current high-throughput sequencing technologies generate short reads which partially cover full-length marker genes and this poses difficult bioinformatic challenges for taxonomy identification at high resolution.

We designed MATAM, a software dedicated to the fast and accurate targeted assembly of short reads sequenced from a genomic marker of interest. The method implements a stepwise process based on construction and analysis of a read overlap graph.

It is applied to the assembly of 16S rRNA markers and is validated on simulated, synthetic and genuine metagenomes.

We show that MATAM outperforms other available methods in terms of low error rates and recovered fractions and is suitable to provide improved assemblies for precise taxonomic assignments. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals. Sequence analysis of the PIP5K locus in Eimeria maxima provides further evidence for eimerian genome plasticity and segmental organization.

Commercial flocks infected by Eimeria species parasites, including Eimeria maxima, have an increased risk of developing clinical or subclinical coccidiosis; an intestinal enteritis associated with increased mortality rates in poultry. Currently, infection control is largely based on chemotherapy or live vaccines; however, drug resistance is common and vaccines are relatively expensive.

The development of new cost-effective intervention measures will benefit from unraveling the complex genetic mechanisms that underlie host-parasite interactions, including the identification and characterization of genes encoding proteins such as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase PIP5K.

Comparative sequence analysis with the orthologous E. Unique segmental organizations and telomere-like repeats were also observed in both genomes. A number of incomplete transposable elements were detected and further scrutiny of these elements in both orthologous segments revealed interesting nesting events, which may play a role in facilitating genome plasticity in E. The current analysis provides more detailed information about the genome organization of E.

Experimental replacement of esophagus with a short segment of trachea. Segmental resection of esophagus with primary anastomosis is prohibited because of the risk of dehiscence.

We previously have shown that replacement of a segment of cervical esophagus with a tracheal segment of the same length could successfully be performed in a canine model. In this study, we sought to assess the feasibility of replacement of the esophageal defect with a shorter segment of trachea.

In five mongrel dogs weighting kg, under general anesthesia and after a cervical incision, 8 cm of the cervical esophagus was resected and replaced by a 4-cm segment of the adjacent trachea. The animals were evaluated clinically for signs and symptoms of stenosis and dehiscence and then euthanized after 2 mo of follow-up. All dogs recovered from surgery and started regular diet on the seventh postoperative day. No clinical or endoscopic sign of stenosis or voice change was seen.

Squamous metaplasia and atrophy of mucosal glands and cartilage were detected in the histopathologic examination of the replaced segments. Replacement of a cervical esophageal defect with a shorter segment of trachea can be performed successfully in dogs. This procedure can be potentially used for the treatment of cervical esophageal lesions in humans. Cutting and ablation using short -pulsed laser radiation are promising technologies to produce or repair CFRP components with outstanding mechanical properties e.

Using sophisticated laser processing strategies and avoiding excessive heating of the workpiece, a high processing quality can be achieved.

However, the interaction of laser radiation and composite material causes a notable release of hazardous substances from the process zone, amongst others carbon fiber segments or fibrous particles. In this work, amounts and geometries of the released fiber segments are analyzed and discussed in terms of their hazardous potential.

Moreover, it is investigated to what extent gaseous organic process emissions are adsorbed at the fiber segments , similar to an adsorption of volatile organic compounds at activated carbon, which is typically used as filter material. Study of the fast inversion recovery pulse sequence. With reference to fast fluid attenuated inversion recovery and fast short TI inversion recovery pulse sequence.

The fast inversion recovery fast IR pulse sequence was evaluated. We compared the fast fluid attenuated inversion recovery fast FLAIR pulse sequence in which inversion time TI was established as equal to the water null point for the purpose of the water-suppressed T 2 -weighted image, with the fast short TI inversion recovery fast STIR pulse sequence in which TI was established as equal to the fat null point for purpose of fat suppression.

Therefore, images should be taken with long TR and long TI, which are longer than TR and longer than the water null point. However, effective TE was affected by variation of the null point.

This increased in proportion to the increase in effective TE. Our evaluation indicated that the fast STIR pulse sequence can control the extensive signals from fat in a short time.

Relations between segmental and motor variability in prosodically complex nonword sequences. To assess how prosodic prominence and hierarchical foot structure influence segmental and articulatory aspects of speech production, specifically segmental accuracy and variability, and oral movement trajectory variability. Thirty individuals participated: 10 young adults, 10 children who are normally developing, and 10 children diagnosed with specific language impairment. Segmental error and segmental variability and movement trajectory variability were compared in low and high prosodic prominence conditions i.

Between-participants findings were that both groups of children showed more segmental error and segmental variability and more movement trajectory variability than did adults. A similar within-participant pattern of results was observed for all 3 groups. Prosodic prominence influenced both segmental and motor levels of analysis, with weak syllables produced less accurately and with more lip and jaw movement trajectory variability than strong syllables.

However, hierarchical foot structure affected segmental but not motor measures of speech production accuracy and variability. Motor and segmental variables were not consistently aligned. This pattern of results has clinical implications because inferences about motor variability may not directly follow from observations of segmental variability. Coval: improving alignment quality and variant calling accuracy for next-generation sequencing data.

Full Text Available Accurate identification of DNA polymorphisms using next-generation sequencing technology is challenging because of a high rate of sequencing error and incorrect mapping of reads to reference genomes. Currently available short read aligners and DNA variant callers suffer from these problems.

We developed the Coval software to improve the quality of short read alignments. Coval is designed to minimize the incidence of spurious alignment of short reads, by filtering mismatched reads that remained in alignments after local realignment and error correction of mismatched reads. The error correction is executed based on the base quality and allele frequency at the non-reference positions for an individual or pooled sample. We demonstrated the utility of Coval by applying it to simulated genomes and experimentally obtained short -read data of rice, nematode, and mouse.

Moreover, we found an unexpectedly large number of incorrectly mapped reads in ‘targeted’ alignments, where the whole genome sequencing reads had been aligned to a local genomic segment , and showed that Coval effectively eliminated such spurious alignments. We conclude that Coval significantly improves the quality of short -read sequence alignments, thereby increasing the calling accuracy of currently available tools for SNP and indel identification.

Polyether based segmented copolymers with uniform aramid units. The hard segments form physical crosslinks for the amorphous rubbery soft segments. As a result, this type of materials combines. Fluorecence modulated radiotherapy with integrated segmentation to optimization. On the basis of two clinical cases, we present fluence-modulated radiotherapy with a sequencer integrated into the optimization of our treatment-planning software HYPERION. In each case, we achieved simple relations for the dependence of the total number of segments on the complexity of the sequencing , as well as for the dependence of the dose-distribution quality on the number of segments.

For both clinical cases, it was possible to obtain treatment plans that complied with the clinical demands on dose distribution and number of segments. Also, compared to the widespread concept of equidistant steps, our method of sequencing with fluence steps of variable size led to a significant reduction of the number of segments , while maintaining the quality of the dose distribution. Our findings substantiate the value of the integration of the sequencer into the optimization for the clinical efficiency of IMRT [de.

Keeping it together: Semantic coherence stabilizes phonological sequences in short -term memory. Our ability to hold a sequence of speech sounds in mind, in the correct configuration, supports many aspects of communication, but the contribution of conceptual information to this basic phonological capacity remains controversial. Previous research has shown modest and inconsistent benefits of meaning on phonological stability in short -term memory, but these studies were based on sets of unrelated words.

Using a novel design, we examined the immediate recall of sentence-like sequences with coherent meaning, alongside both standard word lists and mixed lists containing words and nonwords.

We found, and replicated, substantial effects of coherent meaning on phoneme-level accuracy: The phonemes of both words and nonwords within conceptually coherent sequences were more likely to be produced together and in the correct order.

Since nonwords do not exist as items in long-term memory, the semantic enhancement of phoneme-level recall for both item types cannot be explained by a lexically based item reconstruction process employed at the point of retrieval “redintegration”. Instead, our data show, for naturalistic input, that when meaning emerges from the combination of words, the phonological traces that support language are reinforced by a semantic-binding process that has been largely overlooked by past short -term memory research.

Tools for analyzing genetic variants from sequencing data Case study: short tandem repeats. Optic disc boundary segmentation from diffeomorphic demons registration of monocular fundus image sequences versus 3D visualization of stereo fundus image pairs for automated early stage glaucoma assessment.

Despite the current availability in resource-rich regions of advanced technologies in scanning and 3-D imaging in current ophthalmology practice, world-wide screening tests for early detection and progression of glaucoma still consist of a variety of simple tools, including fundus image-based parameters such as CDR cup to disc diameter ratio and CAR cup to disc area ratio , especially in resource -poor regions.

Reliable automated computation of the relevant parameters from fundus image sequences requires robust non-rigid registration and segmentation techniques. Recent research work demonstrated that proper non-rigid registration of multi-view monocular fundus image sequences could result in acceptable segmentation of cup boundaries for automated computation of CAR and CDR.

This research work introduces a composite diffeomorphic demons registration algorithm for segmentation of cup boundaries from a sequence of monocular images and compares the resulting CAR and CDR values with those computed manually by experts and from 3-D visualization of stereo pairs. Our preliminary results show that the automated computation of CDR and CAR from composite diffeomorphic segmentation of monocular image sequences yield values comparable with those from the other two techniques and thus may provide global healthcare with a cost-effective yet accurate tool for management of glaucoma in its early stage.

We demonstrate that during capture, the bait-hybridized library molecules add additional flanking library sequences iteratively, such that baits limited to targeting relatively short regions e.

Our findings suggest that some of the off-target sequences derived in capture experiments are non-randomly enriched, and that CapFlank will facilitate targeted enrichment of large contiguous sequences with minimal prior Spreadsheet-based program for alignment of overlapping DNA sequences.

Molecular biology laboratories frequently face the challenge of aligning small overlapping DNA sequences derived from a long DNA segment. Here, we present a short program that can be used to adapt Excel spreadsheets as a tool for aligning DNA sequences , regardless of their orientation. The program runs on any Windows or Macintosh operating system computer with Excel 97 or Excel The program is available for use as an Excel file, which can be downloaded from the BioTechniques Web site.

Upon execution, the program opens a specially designed customized workbook and is capable of identifying overlapping regions between two sequence fragments and displaying the sequence alignment. It also performs a number of specialized functions such as recognition of restriction enzyme cutting sites and CpG island mapping without costly specialized software.

RFLP analysis revealed restriction site variation for all three segments in Atlantic salmon. Eleven haplotypes were detected in a screening Choice of reference sequence and assembler for alignment of Listeria monocytogenes short -read sequence data greatly influences rates of error in SNP analyses.

Full Text Available The wide availability of whole-genome sequencing WGS and an abundance of open-source software have made detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs in bacterial genomes an increasingly accessible and effective tool for comparative analyses.

Thus, ensuring that real nucleotide differences between genomes i. The choices researchers make regarding the generation and analysis of WGS data can greatly influence the accuracy of short -read sequence alignments and, therefore, the efficacy of such experiments.

We studied the effects of some of these choices, including: i depth of sequencing coverage, ii choice of reference-guided short -read sequence assembler, iii choice of reference genome, and iv whether to perform read-quality filtering and trimming, on our ability to detect true SNPs and on the frequencies of errors.

We performed benchmarking experiments, during which we assembled simulated and real Listeria monocytogenes strain short -read sequence datasets of varying quality with four commonly used assemblers BWA, MOSAIK, Novoalign, and SMALT, using reference genomes of varying genetic distances, and with or without read pre-processing i. We found that assemblies of at least fold coverage provided the most accurate results.

Finally, we show that whether read pre-processing improves SNP detection depends upon the choice of reference sequence and assembler. In total, this study demonstrates that researchers. Geo Segmenter : A statistically learned Chinese word segmenter for the geoscience domain. Unlike English, the Chinese language has no space between words. Segmenting texts into words, known as the Chinese word segmentation CWS problem, thus becomes a fundamental issue for processing Chinese documents and the first step in many text mining applications, including information retrieval, machine translation and knowledge acquisition.

However, for the geoscience subject domain, the CWS problem remains unsolved.

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